North American Coral Snake Antivenin (micrurus Fulvius) (equine)
North American Coral Snake Antivenin (micrurus Fulvius) (equine) Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) is a horse-derived antivenin indicated for the treatment of envenomation caused by North American coral snake bites. It is intravenously administered so that the antivenin binds to and neutralizes coral snake venom.
The antivenin is a refined, concentrated, and lyophilized preparation of serum globulins obtained by fractionating blood from healthy horses that have been immunized with eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius fulvius) venom . Prior to lyophilization, the product contains 0.25% phenol and 0.005% thiomerosal (mercury derivative) .
North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) is standardized for potency in mice in terms of its LD50 neutralizing capacity per milliliter as determined by intravenous injection of a graded series of mixtures of North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) with M. f. fulvius venom . Based on this assay system, the reconstituted contents of each vial (10 mL) will neutralize about 250 mouse LD50 or approximately 2 mg of M. f. fulvius venom .
Table Of contents
Uses
North American Coral Snake Antivenin (micrurus Fulvius) (equine) is a mixture of antibodies used to treat venomous snake bites from Micrurus fulvius (North American Coral Snake).
This particular antivenin is indicated only for the treatment of envenomation caused by bites from Eastern coral snakes (Micrurus fulvius fulvius) and Texas coral snakes (Micrurus fulvius tenere) . The agent will not neutralize the venom of Arizona (Sonoran) coral snakes (Micruroides euryxanthus) or that of South American species .
North American Coral Snake Antivenin (micrurus Fulvius) (equine) is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Venom poisoning caused by Micrurus fulvius
How North American Coral Snake Antivenin (micrurus Fulvius) (equine) works
North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) is a preparation of serum globulins obtained by fractionating blood from healthy horses that have been immunized with eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius fulvius) venom .
When the antivenin is appropriately administered intravenously, it essentially functions like an injection of antibodies that directly bind to and neutralize coral snake venom that has entered the bloodstream due to any kind of coral snake bite .
Toxicity
Patients sensitive to antivenin or horse serum may develop anaphylaxis . Therefore, it is essential that prior to any antivenin administration a proper skin test be performed, interpreted, and therapy modified if indicated . Anaphylaxis seen with antivenins of equine origin may result in an immediate reaction (shock) usually occurring within 30 minutes . Signs and symptoms may develop before the needle of administration is even withdrawn from the patient and can include apprehension, flushing, itching, urticaria; edema of the face, tongue, and throat; cough, dyspnea, cyanosis, vomiting, collapse, and possibly even cardiac arrest or death .
Constant attendance and observation for untoward response is mandatory whenever horse serum is administered intravenously so that, should such occur, injection may be discontinued and appropriate treatment instituted immediately .
Even if it is appropriate for a patient to be administered the antivenin, the most common adverse reactions observed after treatment with the agent has been anaphylaxis and serum sickness, vomiting, and abdominal pain .
LD50 values are available for animal models such as the rat, in which the oral LD50 is documented to be 317 mg/kg and the dermal LD50 as 525 mg/kg .
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Volume of Distribution
The formal prescribing information for this antivenin describes itself as a preparation containing serum golbulins obtained from the fractionated blood of health horses immunized with the necessary venom. If the term 'serum globulins' is taken to mean that this antivenin consists of whole IgG immunoglobulin molecules, then various reviews of antibody preparations suggest that such equine IgG antivenoms generally demonstrate a lower volume of distribution in comparison to antivenoms comprised of Fab or F(ab')2 fragments and has been known to potentially exist within the range of 162 +/- 1.9 mL/kg in a rabbit model .
Elimination Route
As the antivenin is essentially an emergency antivenom medication that is administered intravenously in hopes of eliciting an as immediate as possible coral snake venom neutralization in a patient's bloodstream, it is generally assumed that the emergency injection is absorbed entirely.
Half Life
The formal prescribing information for this antivenin describes itself as a preparation containing serum golbulins obtained from the fractionated blood of health horses immunized with the necessary venom. If the term 'serum globulins' is taken to mean that this antivenin consists of whole IgG immunoglobulin molecules, then various reviews of antibody preparations suggest that such equine IgG formulations demonstrate an intermediate distribution half-life ranging from 5.22 +/- 0.98 hours to 5.98 +/- 0.67 hours and an elimination half-life ranging from 42.66 +/- 2.04 hours to 46.4 +/- 4.8 hours in a rabbit model .
Clearance
The formal prescribing information for this antivenin describes itself as a preparation containing serum golbulins obtained from the fractionated blood of health horses immunized with the necessary venom. If the term 'serum globulins' is taken to mean that this antivenin consists of whole IgG immunoglobulin molecules, then various reviews of antibody preparations suggest that such equine IgG formulations demonstrate a rate of clearance ranging anywhere from 0.36 +/- 0.06 mL/h/kg to 5.46 +/ 0.6 mL/h/kg .
Elimination Route
The formal prescribing information for this antivenin describes itself as a preparation containing serum golbulins obtained from the fractionated blood of health horses immunized with the necessary venom. If the term 'serum globulins' is taken to mean that this antivenin consists of whole IgG immunoglobulin molecules, then various reviews of antibody preparations suggest that such IgG containing formulations may have the majority of its IgG components eliminated mainly via extrarenal mechanisms .
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