Nutrimax Stomach Care
Nutrimax Stomach Care Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Beta-carotene, with the molecular formula C40H56, belongs to the group of carotenoids consisting of isoprene units. The presence of long chains of conjugated double bonds donates beta-carotene with specific colors. It is the most abundant form of carotenoid and it is a precursor of the vitamin A. Beta-carotene is composed of two retinyl groups. It is an antioxidant that can be found in yellow, orange and green leafy vegetables and fruits. Under the FDA, beta-carotene is considered as a generally recognized as safe substance (GRAS).
Oral administration of beta-carotene increases the serum concentration of beta-carotene by 60% but it does not change the concentration found in the heart, liver or kidneys. In vitro studies in hepatocytes have shown that beta-carotene ameliorates oxidative stress, enhances antioxidant activity and decreases apoptosis.
Other than the antioxidant activities, some other actions have been correlated to beta-carotene. It is thought to have detoxifying properties, as well as to help increase resistance to inflammation and infection and increase immune response and enhance RNA production.
Calcium citrate is a salt typically used as a source of calcium in a variety of over the counter supplements.
Increases plasma calcium levels leading to a decrease in calcium flux and increase in calcium deposition into bone
Chamomile is a plant/plant extract used in some OTC (over-the-counter) products. It is not an approved drug.
A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia. It is the principal carrier of nitrogen in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. An oral formulation of L-glutamine was approved by the FDA in July 2017 for use in sickle cell disease . This oral formulation is marketed under the tradename Endari by Emmaus Medical.
Like other amino acids, glutamine is biochemically important as a constituent of proteins. Glutamine is also crucial in nitrogen metabolism. Ammonia (formed by nitrogen fixation) is assimilated into organic compounds by converting glutamic acid to glutamine. The enzyme which accomplishes this is called glutamine synthetase. Glutamine can then be used as a nitrogen donor in the biosynthesis of many compounds, including other amino acids, purines, and pyrimidines.
L-glutamine improves nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) redox potential .
| Trade Name | Nutrimax Stomach Care |
| Generic | Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL) + Chamomile + L-Glutamine + Calcium Citrate + Dandelion root + Barley Powder + Aloe vera + beta carotene + ekstrak ginger + alfalfa powder |
| Weight | 300mg, 160mg, 150mg, 100mg, 50mg, 30mg, 30mg, 2500iu, 100mg, 100mg |
| Type | Tablet |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | Suryaprana Nutrisindo |
| Available Country | Indonesia |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Beta carotene is a vitamin A precursor found in various nutritional supplements and health products.
Beta-carotene is FDA approved to be used as a nutrient supplement and to be even added in infant formula as a source of vitamin A. It is also approved to be used as a color additive for food products, drugs (with the label of "only as a color additive") and cosmetics.
It is used commonly for the reduction of photosensitivity in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria and other photosensitivity diseases.
Calcium citrate is an ingredient found in a variety of supplements and vitamins.
For use as an over the counter calcium supplement.
L-Glutamine is an amino acid commonly found as a component in total parenteral nutrition.
Used for nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance.
Used to reduce the acute complications of sickle cell disease in adult and pediatric patients 5 years of age and older .
Nutrimax Stomach Care is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Deficiency, Vitamin A, Nutritional supplementationCalcium Deficiency, Deficiency of Vitamin D3, Deficiency, Vitamin D, Folate deficiency, Hypocalcemia, Iron Deficiency (ID), OsteoporosisDry Eyes, Skin Care, Skin disinfectionOsteoporosis, Acute Complications of Sickle Cell Disease
How Nutrimax Stomach Care works
Beta-carotene is an antioxidant that presents significant efficacy against the reactive oxygen species singlet oxygen. Beta-carotene acts as a scavenger of lipophilic radicals within the membranes of every cell compartments. It also presents an oxidative modification of LDL. The presence of long chains of conjugated double bonds is responsible for its antioxidative properties by allowing beta-carotene to chelate oxygen-free radicals and dissipate their energy. The chelation of free radicals inhibits the peroxidation of lipids.
The effect of beta-carotene in the immune response is thought to be related to the direct effect on the thymus which increases the production of immune cells.
Calcium citrate increases plasma calcium levels. This reduces calcium flux from osteocyte activity by reducing the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) . Calcium does this by stimulating a G-protein coupled calcium receptor on the surface of parathyroid cells. The reduction in calcium flux increases the amount of calcium deposited in bone resulting in an increase in bone mineral density. The reduction in PTH secretion also reduces the amount of vitamin D metabolized to its active form, calcidiol. Since calcidiol increases the expression of calcium dependent ATPases and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 (TRPV6) both of which are involved in calcium uptake from the gut, a reduction in calcidiol results in less calcium absorption. Additionally, TRPV5, the channel responsible for calcium reabsorption in the kidney, is downregulated when PTH secretion is reduced thus increasing calcium excretion via the kidneys. Another hormone, calitonin, is likely involved in the reduction of bone resorption during periods of high plasma calcium.
Supplemental L-glutamine's possible immunomodulatory role may be accounted for in a number of ways. L-glutamine appears to play a major role in protecting the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract and, in particular, the large intestine. During catabolic states, the integrity of the intestinal mucosa may be compromised with consequent increased intestinal permeability and translocation of Gram-negative bacteria from the large intestine into the body. The demand for L-glutamine by the intestine, as well as by cells such as lymphocytes, appears to be much greater than that supplied by skeletal muscle, the major storage tissue for L-glutamine. L-glutamine is the preferred respiratory fuel for enterocytes, colonocytes and lymphocytes. Therefore, supplying supplemental L-glutamine under these conditions may do a number of things. For one, it may reverse the catabolic state by sparing skeletal muscle L-glutamine. It also may inhibit translocation of Gram-negative bacteria from the large intestine. L-glutamine helps maintain secretory IgA, which functions primarily by preventing the attachment of bacteria to mucosal cells. L-glutamine appears to be required to support the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, as well as the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). It is also required for the maintenance of lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK). L-glutamine can enhance phagocytosis by neutrophils and monocytes. It can lead to an increased synthesis of glutathione in the intestine, which may also play a role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosa by ameliorating oxidative stress. The exact mechanism of the possible immunomodulatory action of supplemental L-glutamine, however, remains unclear. It is conceivable that the major effect of L-glutamine occurs at the level of the intestine. Perhaps enteral L-glutamine acts directly on intestine-associated lymphoid tissue and stimulates overall immune function by that mechanism, without passing beyond the splanchnic bed.
The exact mechanism of L-glutamine's effect on NAD redox potential is unknown but is thought to involve increased amounts of reduced glutathione made available by glutamine supplementation . This improvement in redox potential reduces the amount of oxidative damage which sickle red blood cells are more susceptible to. The reduction in cellular damage is thought to reduce chronic hemolysis and vaso-occlusive events.
Toxicity
Beta-carotene is not toxic but the high and constant administration of this substance can translate into skin yellow coloration. Some reports have indicated that administration of high and periodic doses of beta-carotene are correlated to the increase in cancer incidence. This risk seems to be very elevated in the case of smokers. The registered LD50 of beta-carotene is >5000 mg/kg.
Patients taking more than 4g of calcium a day are at risk of hypercalcemia and metabolic alkalosis . Chronic intake of calcium supplements is associated with adverse gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation and flatulence .
Doses of L-glutamine up to 21 grams daily appear to be well tolerated. Reported adverse reactions are mainly gastrointestinal and not common. They include constipation and bloating. There is one older report of two hypomanic patients whose manic symptoms were exacerbated following the use of 2 to 4 grams daily of L-glutamine. The symptoms resolved when the L-glutamine was stopped. These patients were not rechallenged, nor are there any other reports of this nature.
The most common adverse effects observed in clinical trials of Endari were constipation (21%), nausea (19%), headache (18%), abdominal pain (17%), cough (16%), extremity pain (13%), back pain (12%), and chest pain (12%) .
Volume of Distribution
No pharmacokinetic studies have been performed regarding the volume of distribution of beta-carotene.
Volume of distribution is 200 mL/kg after intravenous bolus dose .
Elimination Route
After administration of beta-carotene, some of the administered dose is absorbed into the circulatory system unchanged and stored in the fat tissue. The coadministration of beta-carotene and a high-fat content diet is correlated to a better absorption of beta-carotene. The absorption is also dependent on the isomeric form of the molecule where the cis conformation seems to present a higher bioavailability. The absorption of beta-carotene is thought to be performed in 6-7 hours.
The reported AUC of beta-carotene when administered orally from 0 to 440 hours after initial administration was reported to be 26.3 mcg.h/L. The maximal concentration of beta-carotene is attained in a dual pharmacokinetic profile after 6 hours and again after 32 hours with a concentration of 0.58 micromol/L.
The percentage of calcium absorbed varies inversely with intake . Tmax of about 3.5-5h varying with formulation .
Absorption is efficient and occurs by an active transport mechanism. Tmax is 30 minutes after a single dose . Absorption kinetics following multiple doses has not yet been determined.
Half Life
The apparent half-life of beta-carotene is of 6-11 days after initial administration.
The half life of elimination is 1 h .
Clearance
The clearance rate of beta-carotene administered orally is 0.68 nmol/L each hour.
Elimination Route
The unabsorbed carotene is excreted in feces. It is also excreted in feces and urine as metabolites. The consumption of dietary fiber can increase the fecal excretion of fats and other fat-soluble compounds such as beta-carotene.
Cleared via the kidneys but largely reabsorbed (98-99%) under normal conditions .
Primarily eliminated by metabolism . While L-glutamine is filtered though the glomerulus, nearly all is reabsorbed by renal tubules.
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