Nyquil Cough
Nyquil Cough Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Dextromethorphan suppresses the cough reflex by a direct action on the cough center in the medulla of the brain. Dextromethorphan shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used antitussives, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.
Dextromethorphan is an opioid-like molecule indicated in combination with other medication in the treatment of coughs and pseudobulbar affect. It has a moderate therapeutic window, as intoxication can occur at higher doses. Dextromethorphan has a moderate duration of action. Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of intoxication.
Doxylamine is a first-generation antihistamine. It can be used by itself as a short-term sedative and in combination with other drugs to provide night-time allergy and cold relief. Doxylamine is also used in combination with the analgesics paracetamol (acetaminophen) and codeine as an analgesic/calmative preparation, and is prescribed in combination with vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to prevent morning sickness in pregnant women.
Doxylamine is an antihistamine derived from monoethanolamine possessing antimuscarinic and pronounced sedative effects.
Doxylamine is an antihistamine commonly used as a sleep aid. This drug is also used to relieve symptoms of hay fever (allergic rhinitis), hives (rash or itching), and other allergic reactions. Doxylamine is a member of the ethanolamine class of antihistamines and has anti-allergy power far superior to virtually every other antihistamine on the market, with the exception of diphenhydramine (Benadryl). It is also the most powerful over-the-counter sedative available in the United States, and more sedating than many prescription hypnotics. In a study, it was found to be superior to even the barbiturate, phenobarbital for use as a sedative. Doxylamine is also a potent anticholinergic.
| Trade Name | Nyquil Cough |
| Generic | Dextromethorphan + doxylamine |
| Weight | 30mg + 12.5mg/10ml, 30mg + 12.5mg/20ml, 30mg + 12.5mg/30ml, 7.5mg + 3.125mg/5ml, |
| Type | Oral liquid |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | United States, |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Dextromethorphan is used for Chronic dry cough or unproductive cough; Acute dry cough which is interfering with normal function or sleep.
Doxylamine is used for Hypersensitivity reactions, Insomnia
Nyquil Cough is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Allergic cough, Common Cold, Common Cold/Flu, Cough, Cough caused by Common Cold, Coughing caused by Allergies, Coughing caused by Bronchitis, Coughing caused by Flu caused by Influenza, Fever, Flu caused by Influenza, Headache, Irritative cough, Itching of the nose, Itching of the throat, Nasal Congestion, Pseudobulbar affect, Rhinorrhoea, Sneezing, Upper respiratory symptoms, Watery itchy eyes, Airway secretion clearance therapy, Bronchodilation, Oropharyngeal antisepsisCommon Cold, Flu Symptoms, Insomnia, Mild Allergic Rhinitis, Nausea, Vomiting
How Nyquil Cough works
Dextromethorphan is an agonist of NMDA and sigma-1 receptors. It is also an antagonist of α3/β4 nicotinic receptors.[A10589] However, the mechanism by which dextromethorphan's receptor agonism and antagonism translates to a clinical effect is not well understood.
Like other antihistamines, doxylamine acts by competitively inhibiting histamine at H1 receptors. It also has substantial sedative and anticholinergic effects.
Dosage
Nyquil Cough dosage
Adults and Children over 12 years: 15 to 30 mg three to four times per day. However, 60 mg doses up to four times per day have been used without increased side effects.
Children between 6 and 12 years: 5-15 mg up to four times per day.
Children between 2 and 6 years: 2.5-5 mg up to four times per day.
Hypersensitivity reactionn: 25 mg every 4-6 hr. Max: 150 mg daily.
Insomnia: 25 mg given 30 minutes before retiring at night.
Should be taken with food. Take with food or milk.
Side Effects
Adverse effects with Dextromethorphan are rare, but nausea and dizziness sometimes occur. The drug produces no analgesia or addiction and little or no CNS depression. Excitation, confusion and respiratory depression may occur after overdosage.
Acute dystonic reactions and long-lasting impaired consciousness in child. CNS depression including slight drowsiness to deep sleep, lassitude, dizziness, incoordination. Headache, psychomotor impairment and antimuscarinic effects. Rarely rashes and hypersensitivity reactions, blood disorders, convulsions, sweating, myalgia, extrapyramidal effects, tremor, confusion, tinnitus, hypotension, hair loss.
Toxicity
A dextromethorphan overdose may present as nausea, vomiting, stupor, coma, respiratory depression, seizures, tachycardia, hyperexcitability, toxic psychosis, ataxia, nystagmus, dystonia, blurred vision, changes in muscle reflexes, and serotonin syndrome. Overdose should be managed through symptomatic and supportive measures.
Signs of overdose include wheezing, tightness in the chest, fever, itching, bad cough, blue skin color, fits, swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Precaution
Do not use Dextromethorphan to control a cough that is associated with smoking, asthma, or emphysema, or a cough that is productive (produces sputum or phlegm).
May impair ability to drive and operate machinery. Angle-closure galucoma, urinary retention, prostatic hypertrophy or pyloroduodenal obstruction; epilepsy; hepatic impairment. Elderly. Lactation.
Interaction
The following medicines should be taken carefully while concomitantly use with Dextromethorphan: Amiodarone, Fluoexetine, Quinidine, CNS depressants and Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors.
Enhance effects of CNS depressants eg alcohol, barbiturates, hypnotics, opioid analgesics, anxiolytic sedatives and antipsychotics. Atropine, TCAs, MAOIs. Can mask signs of ototoxicity caused by aminoglycosides.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of dextromethorphan is 5-6.7L/kg.
Elimination Route
A 30mg oral dose of dextromethorphan reaches a Cmax of 2.9 ng/mL, with a Tmax of 2.86 h, and an AUC of 17.8 ng*h/mL.
Readily absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract.
Half Life
Dextromethorphan has a half life of 3-30 hours.
10 hours
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy: Adequate and well-controlled studies in human have not been done. However, Dextromethorphan has not been reported to cause birth defects.
Lactation: It is not known whether dextromethorphan passes into breast milk. However, Dextromethorphan has not been reported to cause problems in nursing babies.
Category A: Controlled studies in women fail to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the 1st trimester (and there is no evidence of a risk in later trimesters), and the possibility of fetal harm remains remote.
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity to Dextromethorphan or any other component.
Severe liver disease; avoid alcohol; premature infants or full-term neonates.
Acute Overdose
Symptoms: In mild overdose, tachycardia, hypertension, vomiting, mydriasis, diaphoresis, nystagmus, euphoria, loss of motor coordination, and giggling; in moderate intoxication, in addition to those listed above, hallucinations and a plodding ataxic gait; in severely intoxication, agitation or somnolence.
Management: treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Naloxone may be useful in reversing toxicity.
Storage Condition
Store at 15-30° C
Store at 15-30°C.
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