Octaethylene Glycol
Octaethylene Glycol Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are products made of condensed ethylene oxide and water that can contain various derivatives and have various functions. Because many PEG types are hydrophilic, they are favorably used as enhancers of penetration, and used heavily in topical dermatological preparations. PEGs, along with their many nonionic derivatives, are widely utilized in cosmetic products as surfactants, emulsifiers, cleansing agents, humectants, and skin conditioners.
Octaethylene Glycol (PEG 400) is a low-molecular-weight grade of polyethylene glycol with a low-level toxicity. It is very hydrophilic, which renders it a useful ingredient in drug formulations to augment the solubility and bioavailability of weakly water-soluble drugs. It is used in ophthalmic solutions for the relief of burning, irritation and/or discomfort that follows dryness of the eye . PEG "400" indicates that the average molecular weight of the specific PEG is 400 .
PEGylation occurs when PEGs are attached to numerous protein medications, allowing for greater solubility for selected drugs. Examples of PEGylated medications are PEG-interferon alpha (Pegintron) and PEG-filgrastim. In addition, PEG is available as a bowel preparation for colonoscopy procedures and as a laxative .
| Trade Name | Octaethylene Glycol |
| Generic | Polyethylene glycol 400 |
| Polyethylene glycol 400 Other Names | Octaethylene glycol, PEG-400, PEG-8, Polyethylene glycol 400, Polyethylene glycol 8 |
| Type | |
| Protein binding | Despite that fact that PEG is believed to be an excellent material to resist protein adsorption, there is a lack of quantitative evidence regarding interactions between proteins and PEG. A study has been performed that suggests that a large number of PEG molecules could associate with protein molecules . |
| Groups | Approved |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Octaethylene Glycol is an ingredient used in a wide variety of medications, and is not an approved medication.
PEG-400 has been indicated for the temporary relief of burning and irritation due to dryness of the eye, and for protection against further irritation and desiccation , , .
Octaethylene Glycol is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Constipation, Dry Eyes
How Octaethylene Glycol works
PEG, depending on molecular weight, has various mechanisms of action , , , . For the purpose of Peg-400, the mechanism of action on the eye tissues will be the primary focus of discussion.
PEG-400 is considered a lacrimomimetic, or a synthetic ocular lubricant that improves one or more components of the lacrimal film by augmenting the tear volume and stability and by protecting the eye surface against desiccation . Hydroxypropyl-guar (HPG) is used along with polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) and propylene glycol (PG) as a gelling agent that conforms to abnormalities of the tear film and existing irregularities on the ocular surface .
PEG provides lubrication and acts as a surfactant by coating the eye and interacting with propylene glycol and other solutions that help to act as surfactants on the eye mucosa . This allows for long-lasting, soothing effects .
Recent studies involving nanoparticle drug delivery have demonstrated that PEG can achieve sustained drug delivery. The delivery of drugs to mucosal surfaces is a significant challenge due to the presence of the protective mucus layer that acts to trap and quickly remove foreign particles. Nanoparticles designed to rapidly cross mucosal barriers (mucus-penetrating particles, “MPP”) have proven promising for augmenting drug distribution, and efficacy at various mucosal surfaces. Mucus- penetrating particles are heavily coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), protecting the nanoparticle core from adhesion with mucus .
Polyethylene glycol, when free in solution, may also demonstrate attraction to the surfaces of various types of vesicles, cells or macromolecules, leading to polymer adsorption and subsequently either a repulsion or to an attraction, via bridging, of the surfaces or vesicles—again strongly depending on the temperature, molecular weight, and concentration of the polyethylene glycol. Low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (such as PEG-400) generally promotes cells or vesicles to adhere (depletion attraction), high molecular weight polyethylene glycol causes them to repel .
Toxicity
PEG of different molecular weights by a range of routes has been studied extensively, and has not led to any major toxicities, and signs/symptoms of toxicity that do occur are only observed at a much higher than therapeutic dose .
LD50 = 157000 mg/kg, intragastric, guinea pigs LD50 = 28915 mg/kg, intragastric, mice, rats LD50 = 9708 mg/kg, intra-abdominal, rats LD50= 7312 mg/kg, intravenous, rats
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Elimination Route
PEG has low toxicity profile with an absorption of less than 0.5% .
Topical absorption of PEG occurs and, demonstrates a molecular weight dependence similar to that of PEG given orally. Absorption by this route is likely to be poor .
Half Life
Great than 24h .
Clearance
In mice, lease than 12.
Elimination Route
Human excretion studies have demonstrated that 86% and 96% of PEG1000 and 6000 were excreted in the urine 12 h after intravenous administration. Specific data on PEG-400 are not available . In rats, urine PEG undergoes biliary excretion, and this process is depending on molecular weight, with hepatic clearance reaching a minimum at about 50 kDa molecular mass (in mouse).
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