Orabase

Orabase Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

The higher strength of Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium USP-NF provides long-lasting relief from dryness by forming a soothing gel after administration of the drops on to the eyes.

In a randomized clinical study of patients with mild or moderate forms of eye dryness, ophthalmic treatment with sodium carboxymethylcellulose resulted in a diminished frequency of symptoms compared to the placebo group . Carboxymethylcellulose interacts with human corneal epithelial cells to facilitate corneal epithelial wound healing and attenuate eye irritation in a dose-dependent manner . It exhibits protective actions on the ocular surface in various applications; it mediates cytoprotective effects on the ocular surface when applied prior to contact lenses and reduces the incidence of epithelial defects during LASIK .

Gelatin is a multifunctional ingredient that is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and photographic films as a gelling agent, stabilizer, thickener, emulsifier, as well as film former .

As a thermoreversible hydrocolloid with a small gap between its melting and gelling temperatures, gelatin provides unique advantages over carbohydrate-based gelling agents. Gelatin is mainly produced from porcine skin, and cattle hides and bones .

Some alternative raw substances have recently garnered attention from both researchers and the industry not only because they overcome religious concerns shared by both Jews and Muslims but also because they may provide scientific advantages over gelatins from mammal origins .

Pectin is a heteropolysaccharide commercially derived from the cell wall of higher plants. It is composed of partially methylated polygalacturonic acid units linked in the positions 1-4. The carboxylic group of the constituents of pectin can exist in the form of esters, free acids, ammonium, potassium or sodium salts or as acid amides. Under the FDA regulation, pectin qualifies as a GRAS (generally recognized as safe) food substance. This status allows pectin to be used with no limitations.

Pectin increases viscosity and volume of stools which helps it to be used for constipation and diarrhea. It is reported as well to present lowering effects of different body components. This effect depends on the type of pectin which indicated that this effect is related to the composition of the correspondent pectin. Nonetheless, this data is still unclear and more studies need to be performed to conclude this effect of pectin.

Orabase
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Orabase
Generic	Gelatin + Pectin + Carboxymethylcellulose
Weight	16.7%,
Type	Paste, Mucous Membrane Gel, Mucous Membrane Liquid, Mucous Membrane Paste, Mucous Membrane Powder For Reconstitution, Mucous Membrane Spray, Mucous Membrane Swab, Mucous Membrane Tablet, Disintegrating, Rectal Ointment, Topical Cream, Topical Gel, Topical Liquid, Topical Lotion, Topical Ointment, Topical Spray, Topical Stick, Topical Swab
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer	Convatec
Available Country	India, United States
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium is used as a lubricant to relieve irritation and discomfort due to dryness of the eye or due to exposure to wind or sun.

Gelatin is used for weight loss and for treating osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and brittle bones (osteoporosis). Some people also use it for strengthening bones, joints, and fingernails. Gelatin is also used for improving hair condition and to shorten the recovery after exercise and sports-related injury . Gelatin is used in preparations of foods, cosmetics, and medicine .

Plasma volume expander in hypovolaemic shock . Haemostatic .

Gelatin-based hydrogels are being used in drug delivery and tissue engineering because they are able to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. In addition, these hydrogels can be used as wound dressings because of their attractive fluid absorbance properties. Manufacturing technologies such as ultraviolet stereolithography and two-photon polymerization can be used to prepare structures containing photosensitive gelatin-based hydrogels .

Pectin is used in food as a gelling agent and stabilizer. As a medical drug, it has obtained a great interest in its potential use as a source of dietary fiber, lipid, cholesterol, serum glucose and insulin level lowering effect, gastric emptying delay. Some recent studies have researched the possibility of using pectin for the formation of nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle of drugs.

Orabase is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Dry Eyes, Ocular IrritationHypovolaemia, Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution, Plasma Volume ReplacementBacterial diarrhoea, Diarrhea caused by Salmonella, Diarrhea caused by Shigella, Diarrhea caused by Staphylococcus, Escherichia Coli Diarrhea, Sore Throat, Mouth soreness

How Orabase works

Carboxymethylcellulose binds to the surface of corneal epithelial cells via its glucopyranose subunits binding to glucose receptors GLUT-1 . The residence time of carboxymethylcellulose bound to corneal cells is approximately 2 hours as indicated by a short-term binding assay . Binding of carboxymethylcellulose to the matrix proteins stimulated corneal epithelial cell attachment, migration, and re-epithelialization of corneal wounds .

It works as a hemostatic by providing a physical framework within which clotting may occur .

As a volume expander, gelatin remains in the vascular space. When used in the treatment of hypovolaemia gelatin can produce a significant increase in blood volume, cardiac output, stroke volume, blood pressure, urinary output and oxygen delivery, increasing volume and pressure .

For intravascular volume expansion, the majority or gelatins produce an effect which is almost equivalent to of which are mild, although severe reactions albumin, with a duration of action of 3 to 4 hours to have been reported .

Gelatin or collagen chains suspended in solution can be covalently cross-linked to form matrices that are able to swell in the presence of aqueous solutions, forming what are called gelatin hydrogels. Hydrogels, characterized by their hydrophilicity and insolubility in water, have the capability of swelling into an equilibrium volume while maintaining their shape. The chemical cross-linkers used may be either small bifunctional molecules or polyfunctional macromolecules, for example, glutaraldehyde .

Pectin is an adsorbent that binds to bacteria, toxins and other irritants in the intestinal mucosa. Pectin is able to decrease the pH in the intestinal lumen and provides a soothing effect on the irritated mucosa.

Dosage

Orabase dosage

Install 1 or 2 drops in the affected eye(s) as needed or as directed by the physician.

Side Effects

Visual disturbances, ocular discharge and eye pruritus are common adverse drug reactions were reported with Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium

Toxicity

Rat oral LD50, rabbit dermal LD50, and rat inhalation LC50 of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are 27000 mg/kg, >2 g/kg, and >5800 mg/m^3 (4 hours), respectively .

LD50 Rat >3750 mg/kg .

Gelatin solutions have shown to increase the risk of anaphylaxis and may be harmful by increasing mortality, renal failure, and bleeding likely due to extravascular uptake and impairment of coagulation. .

Gelatin can cause an unpleasant taste, a sensation of abdominal heaviness, bloating, heartburn, as well as belching .

Using gelatin as a plasma expander appears to have no significant advantages over crystalloids or isotonic albumin on mortality and may have a slightly higher risk of requiring allogeneic blood transfusion in perioperative and critically ill patients.

A meta-analysis found that using gelatin as a volume expander in vivo has no significant advantages over currently used volume expanders such as isotonic albumin or crystalloids and may slightly increase the risk of requiring a blood transfusion .

Pectin is a substance determined to be safe.

Precaution

Concomitant ocular medication should be administered 15 minutes apart to the instillation of this eye drop.