Orcerin Tube

Uses

Camphor is a compound used topically to help relieve pain and also as a topical antiseptic. May also be used in vaporizers to help suppress coughing. This medication should not be swallowed.

Capsaicin is indicatd for- Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Pain due to diabetic neuropathy, Joint pain, Post-herpetic neuralgia, Post-surgical neuropathic pain, Nerve Pain, Back pain, Muscle pain, Fibromyalgia, Bursitis, Pruritis (itching)

Diacerein is an slow-onset anthraquinone IL-1 inhibitor used in the treatment of degenerative joint diseases like osteoarthritis.

For the treatment of osteoarthritis affecting the hip or knee .

Indicated for the treatment of osteoarthritis of knee, hip, spine, and other locations. Also used as dietary supplement

Orcerin Tube is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Arthritis, Backache, Common Cold, Contusions, Inflammatory Reaction caused by Insect Bites, Joint Pain, Muscle Cramps, Nasal Congestion, Pain caused by Insect Bites, Rash, Skin Irritation, Soreness, Muscle, Sunburn, Swelling caused by Insect Bites, Minor burns, Neck or back pain, Shoulder acheArthritis, Back Pain Lower Back, Backache, Bursitis, Contusions, Inflammatory Reaction caused by Rheumatism, Muscle Cramps, Musculoskeletal Pain, Osteoarthritis (OA), Periarthritis, Post-Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN), Rheumatic Pain, Soft Tissue Injury, Tendinitis, Acute nonspecific tenosynovitisOsteoarthritis in the Hip Joint, Osteoarthritis of the KneeArthritis, Backache, Joint Pain, Osteoarthritis (OA), Osteoarthritis of the Knee

How Orcerin Tube works

Capsaicin has been shown to reduce the amount of substance P associated with inflammation - however this is not believed to be its main mechanism in the relief of pain . Capsaicin's mechanism of action is attributed to "defunctionalization" of nociceptor fibers by inducing a topical hypersensitivity reaction on the skin. This alteration in pain mechanisms is due to many of the following: temporary loss of membrane potential, inability to transport neurotrophic factors leading to altered phenotype, and reversible retraction of epidermal and dermal nerve fiber terminals.

Diacerein's active metabolite rhein Rhein reduces cartilage destruction by decreasing expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and -3 as well as upregulating tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases which serve to reduce the activity of several MMPs . The anti-inflammatory action of rhein reduces the level of interleukin-1beta activity which plays a large role in reduction of extracellular matrix production, MMP activity, and continued inflammation . Rhein reduces abnormal osteoblast synthetic activity through an unknown mechanism .

The mechanism of action of glucosamine in joint health is unclear, however there are several possible mechanisms that contribute to its therapeutic effects. Because glucosamine is a precursor for glycosaminoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans are a major component of joint cartilage, glucosamine supplements may help to rebuild cartilage and treat the symptoms of arthritis. Some in vitro studies show evidence that glucosamine reduces inflammation via inhibition of interferon gamma and Nuclear factor kappa B subunit 65 (NF-κB p65), improving the symptoms of arthritis and joint pain. Clinical relevance is unknown at this time.

Dosage

Orcerin Tube dosage

18 years of age and older:Apply a thin film of Capsaicin cream to affected area 3 to 4 times daily. A burning sensation may occur upon application, but generally disappears with regular use. Application schedules of 3 to 4 times a day for 2 weeks provides optimum pain relief.

500 mg tablet three times daily or as directed by the physician. A single dose of 1500 mg daily may also be effective. Obese individuals may need higher doses, based on body weight.

Side Effects

Capsaicin may cause transient burning on application. This burning is observed more frequently when the application schedules are more than 3-4 times daily. The burning can be enhanced if too much cream is used and if it is applied just before or after a bath or shower.

Safety studies with Glucosamine show no demonstrable toxicity. Rarely occurring side effects like mild & reversible intestinal flatulence are almost like placebo.

Toxicity

Acute oral LD50 and dermal LD50 in mouse are 47.2 mg/kg and >512 mg/kg, respectively . Capsaicin is shown to be mutagenic for bacteria and yeast .

Capsaicin can cause serious irritation, conjunctivitis and lacrimation via contact with eyes. It induces a burning sensation and pain in case of contact with eyes and skin. As it is also irritating to the respiratory system, it causes lung irritation and coughing as well as bronchoconstriction. Other respiratory effects include laryngospasm, swelling of the larynx and lungs, chemical pneumonitis,respiratory arrest and central nervous system effects such as convulsions and excitement . In case of ingestion, gastrointestinal tract irritation may be observed along with a sensation of warmth or painful burning . Symptoms of systemic toxicity include disorientation, fear, loss of body motor control including diminished hand-eye coordination, hyperventilation, tachycardia, and pulmonary oedema . Careful early decontamination is recommended and medical intervention should be initiated for any life-threatening symptoms. In case of contact, individual must be removed from the source of exposure and the contacted skin and mucous membranes should be thoroughly washed with copious amounts of water .

Rhein Rhein has an oral LD50 of >5000mg/kg in mice. This is equivalent to a diacerein dose of >6476mg/kg.

The oral LD50 of glucosamine in rats is >5000 mg/kg. Symptoms of an overdose with glucosamine may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea (common side effects of this drug). Severe and life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions to glucosamine may occur in patients with a shellfish allergy or asthma.

Precaution

Capsaicin cream should not be applied to broken or irritated skin. Applied area should not be tightly bandaged. Do not get on mucous membranes and into eyes or on contact lenses. If this occurs, rinse the affected area thoroughly with water. Do not apply the cream on the heat treated area as this may increase the burning sensation. In case of accidental ingestion, seek physician advice immediately.

Diabetics are advised to monitor blood glucose levels regularly while taking Glucosamine. No special studies were formed in patients with renal and/or hepatic insufficiency. The toxicological and pharmacokinetic profile of the product does not indicate limitations for these patients. However, administration to these patients with severe hepatic or renal insufficiency should be under appropriate medical supervision.

Interaction

There have been no reports of significant drug interactions ofGlucosamine with antibiotics, antidepressants, antihypertensives, nitrates, antiarrhythmics, anxiolytic, hypoglycaemic agents, anti-secretives.

Volume of Distribution

15-60L .

Results of a pharmacokinetic study of 12 healthy volunteers receiving three daily consecutive oral administrations of glucosamine sulfate soluble powder demonstrated glucosamine distribution to extravascular compartments. Human pharmacokinetic data for glucosamine is limited in the literature, however, a large animal model study of horses revealed a mean apparent volume of distribution of 15.4 L/kg. Concentrations of glucosamine ranged from 9-15 microM after an intravenous dose, and 0.3-0.7 microM after nasogastric dosing. These concentrations remained in the range of 0.1-0.7 microM in the majority of horses 12 hours after dosing, suggesting effectiveness of a once-daily dose. In rats and dogs, radioactivity from a C-14 labeled dose of glucosamine is detected in the liver, kidneys, articular cartilage, and other areas.

Elimination Route

Oral: Following oral administration, capsaicin may be absorbed by a nonactive process from the stomach and whole intestine with an extent of absorption ranging between 50 and 90%, depending on the animal . The peak blood concentration can be reached within 1 hour following administration . Capsaicin may undergo minor metabolism in the small intestine epithelial cells post-absorption from the stomach into the small intestines. While oral pharmacokinetics information in humans is limited, ingestion of equipotent dose of 26.6 mg of pure capsaicin, capsaicin was detected in the plasma after 10 minutes and the peak plasma concentration of 2.47 ± 0.13 ng/ml was reached at 47.1 ± 2.0 minutes .

Systemic: Following intravenous or subcutaneous administration in animals, the concentrations in the brain and spinal cord were approximately 5-fold higher than that in blood and the concentration in the liver was approximately 3-fold higher than that in blood .

Topical: Topical capsaicin in humans is rapidly and well absorbed through the skin, however systemic absorption following topical or transdermal administration is unlikely . For patients receiving the topical patch containing 179 mg of capsaicin, a population analysis was performed and plasma concentrations of capsaicin were fitted using a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and linear elimination. The mean peak plasma concentration was 1.86 ng/mL but the maximum value observed in any patient was 17.8 ng/mL .

Bioavailability of 50-60% . Entirely converted to the active metabolite rhein Rhein before reaching systemic circulation.

In a pharmacokinetic study, glucosamine was 88.7% absorption by the gastrointestinal tract. Absolute oral bioavailability was 44%, likely due to the hepatic first-pass effect. In a pharmacokinetic study of 12 healthy adults receiving oral crystalline glucosamine, plasma levels increased up to 30 times the baseline levels and Cmax was 10 microM with a 1,500 mg once-daily dose. Tmax was about 3 hours. AUC was 20,216 ± 5021 after a 15,000 mg dose.

Half Life

Following oral ingestion of equipotent dose of 26.6 mg of pure capsaicin, the half life was approximately 24.9 ± 5.0 min . Following topical application of 3% solution of capsaicin, the half-life of capsaicin was approximately 24 h . The mean population elimination half-life was 1.64 h following application of a topical patch containing 179 mg of capsaicin .

4-10h .

The estimated half-life for glucosamine is 15 hours after an oral dose. After a bolus intravenous injection of 1005 mg crystalline glucosamine sulfate, the parent drug has an apparent half life of 1.11 hours.

Clearance

Total CL is 1.5L/h and renal CL is 0.1L/h .

Elimination Route

It is proposed that capsaicin mainly undergoes renal excretion, as both the unchanged and glucuronide form. A small fraction of unchanged compound is excreted in the feces and urine. In vivo animal studies demonstrates that less than 10 % of an administered dose was found in faces after 48 h .

37% excreted in urine and 53% in feces as estimated in rats .

Fecal excretion of glucosamine in a pharmacokinetic study was 11.3% within 120 hours after administration. Urinary elimination was found to be 1.19% within the first 8 hours post-administration.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

The safety of Capsaicin during pregnancy or lactation has not been established in either humans or animals.

Women who are pregnant or who could become pregnant should not supplement with glucosamine. Glucosamine has not been studied enough to determine their effects on a developing fetus. And no studies have evaluated the use of Glucosamine during pregnancy or lactation. It should be taken with caution and medical advice during pregnancy and lactation.

Contraindication

Capsaicin cream is contraindicated on broken or irritated skin. It is also contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to capsaicin or any of the excipients used in this product.

There are no known contraindications for Glucosamine. But proven hypersensitivity to Glucosamine is a contraindication.

Acute Overdose

Sufficient information on overdose of Capsaicin is not available.

Storage Condition

Keep at cool and dry place, away form light. Keep out of the reach of children.

Should be stored in cool and dry place.

Innovators Monograph

You find simplified version here Orcerin Tube