Otrivin (Ipratropium Bromide,Xylometazoline)
Otrivin (Ipratropium Bromide,Xylometazoline) Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Xylometazoline is a sympathomimetic agent with marked alphaadrenergic activity, and is intended for use in the nose. It constricts the nasal blood vessels, thereby decongesting the mucosa of the nose and neighboring regions of the pharynx. This enables patients suffering from colds to breathe more easily through the nose. The effect of Xylometazoline begins within a few minutes and persists for several hours. Xylometazoline is generally well tolerated and does not impair the function of ciliated epithelium. Systemic absorption may occur following nasal application of Xylometazoline.
Xylometazoline is a sympathomimetic agent that causes vasoconstriction of the nasal mucosa. In one study comprising subjects with nasal congestion associated with the common cold, the median time of onset of subjective relief of nasal congestion was about 1.7 minutes and the time of subjective peak relief of nasal congestion was 30 minutes. Previous studies reported rebound swelling, rebound nasal congestion, rhinitis medicamentosa, and shorter duration of decongestant effect from the long-term use of xylometazoline in healthy volunteers, suggesting that the drug is most effective if used temporarily.
An early in vitro study demonstrated xylometazoline to exert anti-oxidant actions, where it inhibited microsomal lipid peroxidation and mediated hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. This suggests that xylometazoline has a beneficial effect against oxidants, which play a role in tissue damage in inflammation.
| Trade Name | Otrivin (Ipratropium Bromide,Xylometazoline) |
| Generic | Ipratropium Bromide + Xylometazoline |
| Type | |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | Czech Republic, Greece |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
For the symptomatic relief of nasal congestion, perennial allergic rhinitis (including hay fever), sinusitis.
Otrivin (Ipratropium Bromide,Xylometazoline) is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Allergic Rhinitis (AR), Nasal Congestion, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
How Otrivin (Ipratropium Bromide,Xylometazoline) works
Nasal congestion is caused by various etiologies, such as rhinosinusitis and allergic or non-allergic rhinitis, leading to congestion of the venous sinusoids lining the nasal mucosa. Activation of α-adrenergic receptors leads to vasoconstriction of the blood vessels of the nasal mucosa and resumption of nasal airflow. As the most abundantly expressed in the human nasal mucosa, α1A- and α2B-adrenoceptors may play the most important role in vasoconstriction of the human nasal mucosa. Xylometazoline is a more selective agonist at α2B-adrenoceptors, with affinity at α1A-, α2A-, α2C-, α1B-, and α1D-adrenoceptors. Xylometazoline decreases nasal resistance during inspiration and expiration and increases the volume of nasal airflow. Compared to oxymetazoline, another imidazoline nasal decongestant, xylometazoline had a slightly faster onset of action although they had a similar duration of action. In one study, subjects with nasal congestion reported relief of earache and sore throat in addition to nasal decongestion: it is speculated that oxymetazoline mediates this effect by causing vasoconstriction of the nasal mucosa that contains the venous sinuses and nasal decongestion allows breathing through the nose, providing relief from sore throat caused by mouth breathing that dries and irritates the throat.
Dosage
Otrivin (Ipratropium Bromide,Xylometazoline) dosage
Adults: 2 or 3 drops of Xylometazoline Adult formula (0.1%) two to three times daily. This adult formula should not be used for children under the age of 12 years.Children under 12 years: 1 or 2 drops of the Xylometazoline children's formula (0.05%) in each nostril once or twice daily. Not to be used in infants less than 3 months.
Side Effects
The following side effects have occasionally been encountered: a burning sensation in the nose and throat, local irritation, nausea, headache, and dryness of the nasal mucosa. Systemic cardiovascular effects have occurred, and this should be kept in mind when giving Xylometazoline to people with cardiovascular disease.
Toxicity
The oral LD50 is 230 mg/kg in rats and 75 mg/kg in mice. The subcutaneous LD50 is 90 mg/kg in rats and 53 mg/kg in mice. The intraperitoneal LD50 is 43 mg/kg in rats.
Xylometazoline poisoning is documented in three pediatric patients who were exposed to a drug concentration 40 times above the adequate dosage for children due to a compounding error: these patients experienced bradypnea and sinus bradycardia with supraventricular extrasystoles and were managed with fluid management.
Precaution
Each Xylometazoline pack should be used by one person only to prevent any cross-infection. Patients are advised not to take decongestants for more than seven consecutive days.
Interaction
No drug interactions have been reported.
Volume of Distribution
No information is available on xylometazoline pharmacokinetics.
Elimination Route
No information is available on xylometazoline pharmacokinetics.
Half Life
No information is available on xylometazoline pharmacokinetics.
Clearance
No information is available on xylometazoline pharmacokinetics.
Elimination Route
No information is available on xylometazoline pharmacokinetics.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
No foetal toxicity or fertility studies have been carried out in animals. In view of its potential systemic vasoconstrictor effect, it is advisable to take the precaution of not using Xylometazoline during pregnancy
Contraindication
Xylometazoline nasal drops is contraindicated in patients with trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy or surgery exposing the dura mater. It is also contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to Xylometazoline.
Storage Condition
Protect from heat. For reasons of hygiene, do not use the bottle more than 28 days after opening it.
Innovators Monograph
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