Oxygen
Oxygen Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Oxygen therapy, also known as supplemental oxygen, is the use of oxygen as a medical treatment. This can include for low blood oxygen, carbon monoxide toxicity, cluster headaches, and to maintain enough oxygen while inhaled anesthetics are given. Long term oxygen is often useful in people with chronically low oxygen such as from severe COPD or cystic fibrosis. Oxygen can be given in a number of ways including nasal cannula, face mask, and inside a hyperbaric chamber.
Oxygen is required for normal cell metabolism. Excessively high concentrations can cause oxygen toxicity such as lung damage or result in respiratory failure in those who are predisposed. Higher oxygen concentrations also increase the risk of fires, particularly while smoking, and without humidification can also dry out the nose. The target oxygen saturation recommended depends on the condition being treated. In most conditions a saturation of 94-98% is recommended, while in those at risk of carbon dioxide retention saturations of 88-92% are preferred, and in those with carbon monoxide toxicity or cardiac arrest they should be as high as possible. Air is typically 21% oxygen by volume while oxygen therapy increases this by some amount up to 100%.
The use of oxygen in medicine become common around 1917. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.
Oxygen therapy improves effective cellular oxygenation, even at a low rate of tissue perfusion. Oxygen molecules adjust hypoxic ventilatory drive by acting on chemoreceptors on carotid bodies that sequentially relay sensory information to the higher processing centers in brainstem. It also attenuates hypoxia-induced mitochondrial depolarization that generates reactive oxygen species and/or apoptosis.Studies investigating on hyperbaric oxygen therapy has shown that oxygen supplementation can induce neural stem cell proliferation in neonatal rats thus promoting neurological regeneration after injuries . CD34+, CD45-dim leukocytes are also potential targets for hyperbaric oxygen therapy benefit as their mobilization was increased in vitro which could facilitate the acceleration of recovery at peripheral sites .
| Trade Name | Oxygen |
| Availability | Unknown |
| Generic | Oxygen |
| Oxygen Other Names | Dioxygen, Molecular oxygen, Oxigeno gaseoso, Oxygen, Oxygen USP, Pure oxygen, Oxygenium |
| Type | Gas |
| Formula | O2 |
| Weight | Average: 31.9988 Monoisotopic: 31.989829244 |
| Protein binding | Oxygen binds to oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells called hemoglobin with high affinity. The amount of oxygen molecules bound to the fixed amount of circulating hemoglobin in the blood determines the overall oxygen saturation level and this oxygen-delivering capacity is regulated by Bohr effect. |
| Groups | Approved, Vet approved |
| Therapeutic Class | Oxygen 99 % Gas Oxygenium |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | United States, |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Oxygen contains not less than 99.5% v/v of O2. Oxygen labelled as having been produced by the air-liquefaction process may be exempted from the requirements of the tests for carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
Acute severe asthma, Anxiety, Artificially ventilated patients, Carbon monoxide poisoning, COPD, Cyanosis, Major trauma, Resuscitation, Severe hemorrhage, Shock
Oxygen is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Anemia, Hypoxemia, Hypoxia, Malignancies, Migraine, Polycythemia, Pulmonary Hypertension (PH), Respiratory Disorders, Sleep Apnea
How Oxygen works
Oxygen therapy increases the arterial pressure of oxygen and is effective in improving gas exchange and oxygen delivery to tissues, provided that there are functional alveolar units. Oxygen plays a critical role as an electron acceptor during oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain through activation of cytochrome c oxidase (terminal enzyme of the electron transport chain). This process achieves successful aerobic respiration in organisms to generate ATP molecules as an energy source in many tissues. Oxygen supplementation acts to restore normal cellular activity at the mitochondrial level and reduce metabolic acidosis. There is also evidence that oxygen may interact with O2-sensitive voltage-gated potassium channels in glomus cells and cause hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane .
Dosage
Oxygen dosage
Adult: Use as required
Child: Safety and efficacy has not been established
Toxicity
May cause burns or frostbites in case of eye or skin contact with rapidly expanding gas. Oxygen therapy can induce hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with respiratory diseases and musculoskeletal diseases in upper airways. Sudden cessation of oxygen supplementation in these patients can further lead to rebound hypoxaemia. In patients with mild or moderate strokes, hyperoxaemia may cause absorption atelectasis or myocardial infarction. Oxygen content should be monitored following the administration to verify therapeutic benefit.
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Half Life
Approximately 122.24 seconds
Elimination Route
Exhalation
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy Category: Not classified.
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity
Storage Condition
Oxygen should be kept as compressed gas or liquid at cryogenic temperature, in appropriate containers complying withthe safety regulations of the national authority. Valves or taps should not be lubricated with oil or grease.
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