Pactens
Pactens Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Pactens is a beta1-selective (cardioselective) adrenoceptor blocking agent without significant membrane stabilizing activity or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity in its therapeutic dosage range.
Pactens decreases heart rate (chronotropy), decreases contractility (inotropy), and reduces blood pressure. The results of various clinical studies indicate that bisoprolol reduces cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure and decreased cardiac ejection fraction (EF).
Trade Name | Pactens |
Availability | Prescription only |
Generic | Bisoprolol |
Bisoprolol Other Names | Bisoprolol, Bisoprololum |
Related Drugs | amlodipine, aspirin, lisinopril, metoprolol, losartan, furosemide, carvedilol, hydrochlorothiazide, propranolol, spironolactone |
Type | |
Formula | C18H31NO4 |
Weight | Average: 325.443 Monoisotopic: 325.225308485 |
Protein binding | Binding to serum proteins is approximately 30%. |
Groups | Approved |
Therapeutic Class | Anti adrenergic agent (Beta blockers), Beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs, Beta-blockers |
Manufacturer | |
Available Country | Greece |
Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Pactens is used for the treatment of hypertension, angina and heart failure. It may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.
Pactens is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Atrial Fibrillation, Cardiovascular Events, Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris, Heart Failure, High Blood Pressure (Hypertension), Mild Hypertension, Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC), Supraventricular Arrhythmias, Moderate Hypertension, Perioperative arrhythmia
How Pactens works
Though the mechanism of action of bisoprolol has not been fully elucidated in hypertension, it is thought that therapeutic effects are achieved through the antagonism of β-1adrenoceptors to result in lower cardiac output. Pactens is a competitive, cardioselective β1-adrenergic antagonist. When β1-receptors (located mainly in the heart) are activated by adrenergic neurotransmitters such as epinephrine, both the blood pressure and heart rate increase, leading to greater cardiovascular work, increasing the demand for oxygen. Pactens reduces cardiac workload by decreasing contractility and the need for oxygen through competitive inhibition of β1-adrenergic receptors.
Pactens is also thought to reduce the output of renin in the kidneys, which normally increases blood pressure. Additionally, some central nervous system effects of bisoprolol may include diminishing sympathetic nervous system output from the brain, decreasing blood pressure and heart rate.
Dosage
Pactens dosage
The usual starting dose is 5 mg once daily. In some patients, 2.5 mg may be an appropriate starting dose. If the antihypertensive effect of 5 mg is inadequate, the dose may be increased to 10 mg and then, if necessary, to 20 mg once daily.
For heart failure: Initially 1.25 mg once daily (in the morning) for 1 week then, if well tolerated, increased to 2.5 mg once daily for 1 week, then 3.75 mg once daily for 1 week, then 5 mg once daily for 4 weeks, then 7.5 mg once daily for 4 weeks, then 10 mg once daily; max. 10 mg daily.
Side Effects
Diarrhoea, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, lightheadedness, nausea, sleeplessness, unusual tiredness, weakness, Severe allergic reactions (rash, hives, itching, difficulty breathing, tightness in the chest, swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue), chest pain, difficulty breathing, lightheadedness or dizziness when rising from a lying or sitting position, very slow heartbeat.
Toxicity
LD50 information Oral LD50 of bisoprolol in the mouse was 730 mg/kg.
Overdose information
Signs of a β-blocker overdose include cardiovascular symptoms such as hypotension, congestive heart failure, and bradycardia. Other symptoms such as bronchospasm, and hypoglycemia may occur. If an overdose occurs with bisoprolol, supportive treatment should be initiated. Glucagon has been shown to be beneficial in bradycardia and hypotension associated with beta-blocker overdosage. Hypoglycemia may be managed by administering IV glucose. Monitor the patient and administer atropine in cases of bradycardia, pressors and fluids in the case of hypotension, and conventional heart failure therapy if heart failure occurs. If heart block occurs, the patient must be closely monitored and isoproterenol infusion or transvenous cardiac pacemaker insertion should take place. For the management of overdose-related bronchospasm, administer bronchodilators with or without IV aminophylline. Limited research suggests that bisoprolol fumarate is not removed adequately by hemodialysis sessions.
Precaution
Pactens Fumarate must be used with caution in:
- Bronchospasm (bronchial asthma, obstructive airways diseases)
- Diabetes Mellitus with large fluctuations in blood glucose values; symptoms of hypoglycemia can be masked
- Strict fasting
- Ongoing desensitization therapy
- First degree AV block
- Prinzmetal's angina
- Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (intensification of complaints might happen especially during the start of therapy)
- General anesthesia
Interaction
Pactens should not be combined with other beta-blocking agents. Patients receiving catecholamine-depleting drugs, should be closely monitored, because the added beta-adrenergic blocking action of Pactens may produce excessive reduction of sympathetic activity.In patients receiving concurrent therapy with clonidine, if therapy is to be discontinued, it is suggested that Pactens be discontinued for several days before the withdrawal of clonidine. Pactens should be used with care when myocardial depressants or inhibitors of AV conduction, such as certain calcium antagonists or antiarrhythmic agents are used concurrently.Other Alfred Angelo wedding dress collection comes in mermaid dress cut. There are two samples of beach wedding dresses shown in the pictures. Both dresses are different indeed with stylish and creative details on certain areas such as skirt, waist and chest. To match the latest dress model, these mermaid cut wedding dresses a la princess of fairytale apply sweetheart strapless neckline cut. Thick ruffle details are applied on the first mermaid dress. The ruffle application is combined with pleated details on the dress. Thus, in conclusion, the dress is extremely very marvelous for your modern fairytale bridal.Concomitant use with digitalis glycosides can increase the risk of bradycardia.Concurrent use of rifampin increases the metabolic clearance of Pactens, resulting in a shortened elimination half-life of Pactens. However, initial dose modification is generally not necessary.
Food Interaction
- Take with or without food. The absorption is unaffected by food.
Pactens Alcohol interaction
[Moderate]
Many psychotherapeutic and CNS-active agents (e.g., anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, opioids, alcohol, muscle relaxants) exhibit hypotensive effects, especially during initiation of therapy and dose escalation.
Coadministration with antihypertensives and other hypotensive agents, in particular vasodilators and alpha-blockers, may result in additive effects on blood pressure and orthostasis.
Caution and close monitoring for development of hypotension is advised during coadministration of these agents.
Some authorities recommend avoiding alcohol in patients receiving vasodilating antihypertensive drugs.
Patients should be advised to avoid rising abruptly from a sitting or recumbent position and to notify their physician if they experience dizziness, lightheadedness, syncope, orthostasis, or tachycardia.
Pactens Cholesterol interaction
[Moderate] Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents (aka beta-blockers) may alter serum lipid profiles.
Increases in serum VLDL and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as decreases in HDL cholesterol, have been reported with some beta-blockers.
Patients with preexisting hyperlipidemia may require closer monitoring during beta-blocker therapy, and adjustments made accordingly in their lipid-lowering regimen.
Pactens multivitamins interaction
[Moderate] ADJUST DOSING INTERVAL: Concurrent administration with calcium salts may decrease the oral bioavailability of atenolol and possibly other beta-blockers.
The exact mechanism of interaction is unknown.
In six healthy subjects, calcium 500 mg (as lactate, carbonate, and gluconate) reduced the mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of atenolol (100 mg) by 51% and 32%, respectively.
The elimination half-life increased by 44%.
Twelve hours after the combination, beta-blocking activity (as indicated by inhibition of exercise tachycardia) was reduced compared to that with atenolol alone.
However, during a 4-week treatment in six hypertensive patients, there was no difference in blood pressure values between treatments.
The investigators suggest that prolongation of the elimination half-life induced by calcium coadministration may have led to atenolol cumulation during long-term dosing, which compensated for the reduced bioavailability.
It may help to separate the administration times of beta-blockers and calcium products by at least 2 hours.
Patients should be monitored for potentially diminished beta-blocking effects following the addition of calcium therapy.
Pactens Drug Interaction
Minor: aspirin, aspirin, aspirin, aspirinUnknown: rosuvastatin, rosuvastatin, apixaban, apixaban, atorvastatin, atorvastatin, acetaminophen, acetaminophen, clopidogrel, clopidogrel, cyanocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, cholecalciferol
Pactens Disease Interaction
Major: bradyarrhythmia/AV block, cardiogenic shock/hypotension, CHF, diabetes, hemodialysis, hypersensitivity, ischemic heart disease, PVD, renal/liver diseaseModerate: cerebrovascular insufficiency, glaucoma, hyperlipidemia, hyperthyroidism, myasthenia gravis, pheochromocytoma, psoriasis, tachycardia, asthma/COPD
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of bisoprolol is 3.5 L/kg. The mean volume of distribution was found to be 230 L/kg in heart failure patients, which was similar to the volume of distribution in healthy patients. Pactens is known to cross the placenta.
Elimination Route
Pactens is well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. The AUC is 642.87 g.hr/mL and bioavailability of bisoprolol is about 90% due to the minimal first pass effects. Absorption is unaffected by food intake. Peak plasma concentrations of bisoprolol are attained within 2-4 hours and steady-state concentrations are achieved within 5 days of administration. In a pharmacokinetic study, the mean peak concentration of bisoprolol was 52 micrograms/L. Cmax at steady state concentrations of bisoprolol is 64±21 ng/ml administered at 10 mg daily.
Half Life
A pharmacokinetic study in 12 healthy individuals determined the mean plasma half-life of bisoprolol to be 10-12 hours. Another study comprised of healthy patients determined the elimination half-life to be approximately 10 hours. Renal impairment increased the half-life to 18.5 hours.
Clearance
Total body clearance in healthy patients was determined to be 14.2 L/h. In patients with renal impairment, clearance was reduced to 7.8 L/h. Hepatic dysfunction also reduced the clearance of bisoprolol.
Elimination Route
Pactens is eliminated equally by both renal and hepatic pathways. About 50% of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in the urine with the remainder of the dose excreted as inactive bisoprolol metabolites. Under 2% of the ingested dose is found to be excreted in the feces.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy Category C. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Pactens should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.Nursing Mothers:Small amounts of bisoprolol fumarate (< 2% of the dose) have been detected in the milk of lactating rats. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk caution should be exercised when bisoprolol fumarate is administered to nursing women.
Contraindication
Pactens is contraindicated in patients with cardiogenic shock, overt cardiac failure, second or third degree AV block, and marked sinus bradycardia.
Special Warning
Pediatric Patients: There is no pediatric experience with Pactens.
Geriatric Patients: It is not necessary to adjust the dose in the elderly, unless there is also significant renal or hepatic dysfunction.
Renal impairment: Reduce dose if eGFR less than 20 ml/ minute/ 1.73 m2 (max. 10 mg daily).
Hepatic impairment: Maximum 10 mg daily in severe impairment (hepatitis or cirrhosis).
Acute Overdose
The most common signs expected with overdosage of a beta-blocker are bradycardia, hypotension, congestive heart failure, bronchospasm, and hypoglycemia. To date, a few cases of overdose (maximum: 2000 mg) with bisoprolol have been reported. Bradycardia and/or hypotension were noted. Sympathomimetic agents were given in some cases, and all patients recovered. In general, if overdose occurs, bisoprolol therapy should be stopped and supportive and symptomatic treatment should be provided. Limited data suggest that bisoprolol fumarate is not dialyzable. Based on the expected pharmacologic actions and recommendations for other beta-blockers, the following general measures should be considered when clinically warranted.
Storage Condition
Keep out of the reach of children. Protect from light and moisture, keep in a cool and dry place.
Innovators Monograph
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FAQ
What is Pactens used for?
Pactens is a beta blocker medication most commonly used for heart diseases. Pactens is a medicine used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart failure. If you have high blood pressure, taking bisoprolol helps prevent future heart disease, heart attacks and strokes. Bisoprolol is also used to prevent chest pain caused by angina.
How safe is Pactens?
Pactens is generally safe to take for a long time. In fact, it works best when you take it for a long time.
How does Pactens work?
Pactens works by changing the way your body responds to some nerve impulses, especially in the heart. It slows down your heart rate and makes it easier for your heart to pump blood around your body.
What are the common side effects of Pactens?
The common side effects of Pactens are feeling dizzy or sick, headaches, cold hands or feet, constipation or diarrhoea – these are usually mild and shortlived.
Is Pactens safe during pregnancy?
Pactens should not be used during pregnancy unless considered essential by your doctor. Beta-blockers reduce blood flow to the placenta, which could increase the chance of premature delivery or problems for the developing baby.
Is Pactens safe during breastfeeding?
It's not known to what extent Pactens passes into breast milk. It is not recommended for mothers who are breastfeeding because it could potentially cause the baby's heart rate to slow down or its blood sugar to fall.
Can I drink alcohol with Pactens?
Drinking alcohol can increase the blood pressure-lowering effect of Pactens, which can make you feel dizzy or lightheadedz. During the first few days of taking Pactens or after an increase in your dose, it's best to stop drinking alcohol until you see how the medicine affects you.
Can I drive after taking Pactens?
Do not drive if you think your driving ability is being compromised by Pactens.
When is the best time to take Pactens?
It's usual to take Pactens once a day in the morning.
How much Pactens can I take daily?
Typical starting dosage: 5 mg taken once per day. Dosage increases: If you don't respond to that dosage, your doctor may increase your dose to 10 mg taken once per day. Maximum dosage: 20 mg per day.
How long does Pactens take to work?
Pactens starts to work after about 2 hours to reduce high blood pressure, but it can take 2 to 6 weeks to fully take effect.
What is the half life of Pactens?
The plasma elimination half-life (10-12 hours) provides 24 hours efficacy following a once daily dosage.
Can I take Pactens for long time?
Pactens is generally safe to take for a long time. In fact, it works best when you take it for a long time.
How long can I take Pactens ?
If you're taking Pactens for heart failure, it may take several weeks, even months, before you feel better. Usually, treatment with Pactens is long term, even for the rest of your life.
Can Pactens stop my heart?
Pactens lowers your heart rate and blood pressure. Suddenly stopping Pactens can worsen your heart condition, especially if you have coronary artery disease. It may also cause changes in heart rhythm or blood pressure, worsened chest pain, and heart attack.
Who should not take Pactens?
You should not use Pactens if you you are allergic to it, or if you have a serious heart condition. You should not use Pactens if you have a serious heart condition such as "AV block," severe heart failure, or slow heartbeats that have caused you to faint.
Can I stop taking Pactens?
Do not skip doses or stop taking Pactens without first talking to your doctor. Stopping suddenly may make your condition worse or cause other serious heart problems.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happen if I take too much Pactens?
If you take too much Pactens, contact your doctor or nearest hospital straight away. An overdose of Pactens can slow down your heart rate and make it difficult to breathe.
Can Pactens affect my kidneys?
Pactens can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys, resulting in a stroke, heart failure, or kidney failure.
Can Pactens affects my liver?
Pactens has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent drug induced liver injury.
Can Pactens affect fertility?
Pactens are generally considered safe for use during pregnancy in helping to reduce high blood pressure and aren't thought to affect your ability to get pregnant.
Can Pactens gain my weight?
Yes. Weight gain can occur as a side effect of some beta blockers. The average weight gain is about 2.6 pounds (1.2 kilograms).
Does Pactens affect sleep?
The use of Pactens and atenolol was associated with the lowest risk of insomnia in elderly patients, as compared to propranolol.
What happen If I suddenly stop taking Pactens?
Stopping Pactens can make your blood pressure rise, and this may increase your risk of heart attack and stroke. If you're bothered by side effects, your doctor may be able to prescribe a different blood pressure-lowering medicine.
How good is Pactens?
Pactens has an average rating of 6.6 out of 10 from a total of 38 ratings for the treatment of High Blood Pressure. 47% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 21% reported a negative effect.
Can I take Pactens on an empty stomach?
Pactens does not usually upset your stomach, so you can take it with or without food. Swallow the tablets whole with a drink of water.