Penicilina Atral

Penicilina Atral Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Penicilina Atral (Penicillin G) is narrow spectrum antibiotic used to treat infections caused by susceptible bacteria. It is a natural penicillin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly due to poor oral absorption. Penicillin G may also be used in some cases as prophylaxis against susceptible organisms.

Natural penicillins are considered the drugs of choice for several infections caused by susceptible gram positive aerobic organisms, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, groups A, B, C and G streptococci, nonenterococcal group D streptococci, viridans group streptococci, and non-penicillinase producing staphylococcus. Aminoglycosides may be added for synergy against group B streptococcus (S. agalactiae), S. viridans, and Enterococcus faecalis. The natural penicillins may also be used as first or second line agents against susceptible gram positive aerobic bacilli such as Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Natural penicillins have limited activity against gram negative organisms; however, they may be used in some cases to treat infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Pasteurella. They are not generally used to treat anaerobic infections. Resistance patterns, susceptibility and treatment guidelines vary across regions.

Penicillin G is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. The name "penicillin" can either refer to several variants of penicillin available, or to the group of antibiotics derived from the penicillins. Penicillin G has in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of penicillin G results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through penicillin G binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Penicillin G is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, and cephalosporinases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases.

Penicilina Atral
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Penicilina Atral
Generic	Benzylpenicillin
Benzylpenicillin Other Names	Bencilpenicilina, Bensylpenicillin, Benzyl benicillin, Benzylpenicillin, Benzylpénicilline, Benzylpenicillinic acid, Benzylpenicillinum, Penicillin G
Type
Formula	C₁₆H₁₈N₂O₄S
Weight	Average: 334.39 Monoisotopic: 334.098727764
Protein binding	Bind to serum proteins (45-68%), mainly albumin.
Groups	Approved, Vet approved
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country	Portugal
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Penicilina Atral is a penicillin used for the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive cocci, in particular streptococcal infections. This form of penicillin is typically used in intravenous or long-acting injectable formulations due to poor oral absorption.

For use in the treatment of severe infections caused by penicillin G-susceptible microorganisms when rapid and high penicillin levels are required such as in the treatment of septicemia, meningitis, pericarditis, endocarditis and severe pneumonia.

Penicilina Atral is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Actinomycosis, Acute Rheumatic Fever, Anthrax, Bloodstream Infections, Botulism, Diphtheria, Empyema, Endocarditis, Endocarditis caused by Erysipelothrix infections, Fusospirochetosis, Gas Gangrene, Gonococcal infections, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, Haverhill fever, Listeria infection, Meningitis, Meningococcal Meningitis, Pasteurella infections, Pericarditis, Pneumonia, Rat-bite fever, Syphilis, Tetanus

How Penicilina Atral works

By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, penicillin G inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that penicillin G interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.

Toxicity

Oral LD₅₀ in rat is 8900 mg/kg . Neurological adverse reactions, including convulsions, may occur with the attainment of high CSF levels of beta-lactams. Neutropenia can occur if high doses are administered consistently for over 2 weeks.

Food Interaction

No interactions found.

Volume of Distribution

0.53–0.67 L/kg in adults with normal renal function

Elimination Route

Rapidly absorbed following both intramuscular and subcutaneous injection. Initial blood levels following parenteral administration are high but transient. Oral absorption in fasting, healthy humans is only about 15-30% as it is very susceptible to acid-catalyzed hydrolysis.