Pentamidine
Pentamidine Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.
Pentamidine is an antiprotozoal agent. It is an aromatic diamidine, and is known to have activity against Pneumocystis carinii. The exact nature of its antiprotozoal action is unknown. in vitro studies with mammalian tissues and the protozoan Crithidia oncopelti indicate that the drug interferes with nuclear metabolism producing inhibition of the synthesis of DNA, RNA, phospholipids and proteins. Little is known about the drug's pharmacokinetics. The medication is also useful in Leishmaniasis and in prophylaxis against sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Hydration before treatment lessens the incidence and severity of side effects, which include liver or kidney dysfunction, hypertension, hypotension, hypoglycemia, hypocalemia, leukopenia, thrombcytopenia, anemia, and allergic reaction. It is generally well-tolerated.
| Trade Name | Pentamidine |
| Availability | Prescription only |
| Generic | Pentamidine |
| Pentamidine Other Names | Pentamidin, Pentamidina, Pentamidine, Pentamidinum |
| Related Drugs | clindamycin, sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim, Bactrim, Bactrim DS, dapsone, amphotericin b, Septra, leucovorin, nifurtimox, AmBisome |
| Weight | 300mg, |
| Type | Inhalation Powder For Reconstitution, Injectable Powder For Injection, Injection |
| Formula | C19H24N4O2 |
| Weight | Average: 340.4195 Monoisotopic: 340.189926032 |
| Protein binding | 69% |
| Groups | Approved, Investigational |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | United States |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Pentamidine is an antifungal agent used to treat Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients infected with HIV.
For the treatment of pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii.
Pentamidine is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia, Trypanosomiasis
How Pentamidine works
The mode of action of pentamidine is not fully understood. It is thought that the drug interferes with nuclear metabolism producing inhibition of the synthesis of DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and proteins.
Toxicity
Symptoms of overdose include pain, nausea, anorexia, hypotension, fever, rash, bad taste in mouth, confusion/hallucinations, dizziness, and diarrhea.
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Pentamidine Cholesterol interaction
[Major] Acute and potentially fatal pancreatitis has been reported with parenteral use and, rarely, oral inhalation of pentamidine.
Patients with a history of or known risk factors for pancreatitis, such as alcohol abuse or hypertriglyceridemia, should be monitored closely during therapy with pentamidine.
Therapy should be discontinued at the first signs or symptoms suggestive of pancreatitis (e.g., nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hyperamylasemia with dysglycemia, rising triglycerides, decreasing serum calcium), and preferably permanently discontinued if clinical pancreatitis develops.
Pentamidine Drug Interaction
Major: tacrolimusModerate: fluticasone / salmeterol, fluconazole, albuterol / ipratropium, budesonide / formoterol, valganciclovir, ondansetronMinor: sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprimUnknown: aspirin, lorazepam, diphenhydramine, mycophenolate mofetil, meperidine, apixaban, furosemide, enoxaparin, pregabalin, acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol
Pentamidine Disease Interaction
Major: cardiovascular disease, dehydration, diabetes mellitus, hematologic toxicity, pancreatitis, renal dysfunction, systemic effects 1Moderate: asthma/COPD, hepatotoxicity, systemic effects 2
Elimination Route
Absorbed poorly through the gastrointestinal tract and is usually administered parenterally.
Half Life
9.1-13.2 hours
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Pentamidine
