Peppermint Oil

Peppermint Oil Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Peppermint Oil helps to relieve both the painful abdominal spasm and uncomfortable bloating of IBS. It has a relaxant, antispasmodic effect especially on the muscles of the large bowel or colon and in bowel spasm, particularly large-bowel spasm. It is carminative, antibacterial, mucolytic. Peppermint Oil helps to treat unpleasant sensations of fullness and bloating and facilitates the passing of bowel gases, so relieving accompanying cramp like pain.

Peppermint oil induces a dose-related antispasmodic effects on the gastrointestinal smooth muscles . A meta-analysis study and additional clinical studies of patients with IBS demonstrated that the treatment with peppermint oil improves abdominal symptoms compared to the placebo group, resulting in reduced severity of abdominal pain, decreased abdominal distension, reduced stool frequency, and reduced flatulence . The use of enteric-coated peppermint oil was shown to be effective in reducing gastrointestinal symptoms of non-ulcer dyspepsia . In rats, peppermint oil promoted a time-dependent choleretic effect in increasing bile production and biliary output . In randomized controlled trials, topical application of peppermint oil was associated with a significant analgesic effect and a reduction in headache intensity compared to placebo . In a study of C57BL/6 mice, topical application of peppermint oil for 4 weeks was associated with a prominent hair growth effects; a significant increase in dermal thickness, follicle number, and follicle depth .

Peppermint Oil
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Peppermint Oil
Generic	Peppermint Oil
Peppermint Oil Other Names	English black mint oil, Mentha crispa oil, Mentha dumetorum oil, Mentha piperita (peppermint) leaf water, Mentha piperita (peppermint) oil, Mentha piperita flowering top oil, Mentha piperita oil, Mentha X piperita oil, Menthae piperitae aetheroleum, Oil of peppermint, Pepermint oil, Peppermint american far west bulked, Peppermint american willamette natural, Peppermint flowering top oil, Peppermint indian rectified, Peppermint oil america, Peppermint oil mongolia, Peppermint oil yakima, Peppermint volatile oil
Type
Protein binding	No pharmacokinetic data available.
Groups	Approved, Investigational
Therapeutic Class	Anticholinergics (antimuscarinics)/ Anti-spasmodics
Manufacturer
Available Country
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Each enteric coated liquid filled hard gelatin capsule contains 187 mg (0.2 ml) of peppermint oil.

Peppermint Oil is used in Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Functional dyspepsia, Abdominal pain and spasm, Abdominal distension/bloating

Peppermint leaf preparations consist of the fresh or dried leaf of Mentha x piperita L. The whole dried leaf must contain not less than 1.2% (ml/gm) and the cut leaf must contain not less than 0.9% volatile oil. Peppermint oil consists of the essential oil, obtained by steam-distilling freshly harvested, flowering springs and is neither partially nor wholly dementholized.

Peppermint Oil is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Colic, Cough, Flatulence, Hypertonicity of the small intestine, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Mild pain, Nasal Congestion, Soreness, Muscle, Gas pain

How Peppermint Oil works

Dose-dependent antispasmodic effect of peppermint oil is largely mediated by its menthol constituent . It is proposed that peppermint oil relaxes gastrointestinal smooth muscle and attenuates contractile responses by reducing the influx of extracellular calcium ions. In rabbit jejunum smooth muscle cells investigated via whole cell clamp configuration technique, peppermint oil was shown to inhibit the potential-dependent calcium currents in a concentration-dependent manner . Both a reduction in peak current amplitude and an increase in the rate of current decay were observed, indicating that the pharmacological activity peppermint oil resembles that of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists . In a rat small intestine study, peppermint oil in the intestinal lumen inhibited enterocyte glucose uptake via a direct action on the brush border membrane and inhibited intestinal secretion . There is also evidence that menthol is an antagonist of L-type Ca2+ channels via interacting with dihydropyridine binding sites and blocks the currents of low-voltage-activated calcium channels . Peppermint oil may facilitate hair growth by promoting the conservation of vascularization of hair dermal papilla, which may contribute to the induction of early anagen stage of active growth phase of hair follicles .

Dosage

Peppermint Oil dosage

Adults: 1 capsule 3 times daily with a glass of water. The dose may be increased to a maximum of 2 capsules 3 times daily or as directed by a physician.

Children (8 years and above): 1 capsule 3 times daily with a glass of water or a directed by a physician.

Toxicity

Oral LD50 value in rat is 2426 mg/kg . In fasted mice, the LD50 following oral administration was 2410 mg/kg . Higher doses of peppermint oil has the potential to induce menstruation, bronchospasm, tongue spasms, and, possibly, respiratory arrest in addition to potential hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity .

Overdose may cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms, diarrhoea, rectal ulceration, epileptic convulsions, loss of consciousness, apnoea, nausea, disturbances in cardiac rhythms, ataxia and other CNS problems, probably due to the presence of menthol . In the event of overdose, the stomach should be emptied by gastric lavage. Observation should be carried out with symptomatic treatment if necessary . A near fatal case of high dose peppermint oil ingestion was reported, the overdose was characterized by comatose and reduced heart rate .

Precaution

Should not be taken with food or immediately after meals. Should be taken 30 to 60 minutes before meals. Must be swallowed whole, with a little liquid. Capsules must not be chewed or crushed.

Interaction

Exacerbation of adverse effects if taken with alcohol; enteric-coated preparations containing peppermint oil should not be taken immediately with antacids.

Food Interaction

No interactions found.

Volume of Distribution

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Elimination Route

After oral administration, peppermint is rapidly absorbed . Menthol is highly fat-soluble therefore rapidly absorbed from the proximal gut .

Half Life

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Clearance

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Elimination Route

Peppermint oil is eliminated mainly via the bile following oral administration, with glucuronide and sulphate metabolites predominant . The metabolites, mainly menthol glucuronide and mono- or di-hydroxylated menthol derivatives, may also undergo approximately equal renal and fecal excretion . Renal recovery of total menthol within 24 hours was dose-dependent whereas the recovery in bile was substantially higher over 8 hours .

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

No known restrictions.

Contraindication

Contraindicated in patients with achlorhydria. Also contraindicated for infants due to the potential risk of spasm of the tongue or respiratory arrest.