Pivalephrine

Pivalephrine Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Pivalephrine is a prodrug of adrenaline, which is used to treat glaucoma. It is available as ophthalmic solution (eye drops).

Pivalephrine is a member of a class of drugs known as prodrugs. Prodrugs are usually not active in themselves and require biotransformation to the parent compound before therapeutic activity is seen. These modifications are undertaken to enhance absorption, decrease side effects and enhance stability and comfort, thus making the parent compound a more useful drug. Enhanced absorption makes the prodrug a more efficient delivery system for the parent drug because less drug will be needed to produce the desired therapeutic response. Pivalephrine is a prodrug of epinephrine formed by the diesterification of epinephrine and pivalic acid. The addition of pivaloyl groups to the epinephrine molecule enhances its lipophilic character and, as a consequence, its penetration into the anterior chamber.

Pivalephrine
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Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
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Trade Name	Pivalephrine
Availability	Discontinued
Generic	Dipivefrin
Dipivefrin Other Names	Dipivalyl epinephrine, Dipivefrin, Dipivefrina, Dipivéfrine, Dipivefrine, Dipivefrinum
Related Drugs	epinephrine ophthalmic, latanoprost ophthalmic, timolol ophthalmic, brimonidine ophthalmic, pilocarpine ophthalmic, Xalatan, Lumigan
Type
Formula	C₁₉H₂₉NO₅
Weight	Average: 351.4373 Monoisotopic: 351.204573043
Groups	Approved
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Pivalephrine is a prodrug of epinephrine used in ophthalmic solutions to reduce intraocular pressure in chronic open-angle glaucoma.

Pivalephrine is a prodrug which is used as initial therapy for the control of intraocular pressure in chronic open-angle glaucoma.

Pivalephrine is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Increased Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP), Intraocular Pressure (IOP), Normal Tension Glaucoma

How Pivalephrine works

Pivalephrine is a prodrug with little or no pharmacologically activity until it is hydrolyzed into epinephrine inside the human eye. The liberated epinephrine, an adrenergic agonist, appears to exert its action by stimulating α -and/or β₂-adrenergic receptors, leading to a decrease in aqueous production and an enhancement of outflow facility. The dipivefrin prodrug delivery system is a more efficient way of delivering the therapeutic effects of epinephrine, with fewer side effects than are associated with conventional epinephrine therapy.