Probac Plus Tablet 500 mg+125 mg

Probac Plus Tablet 500 mg+125 mg Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that is frequently combined with Amoxicillin or Ticarcillin to fight antibiotic resistance by preventing their degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes, broadening their spectrum of susceptible bacterial infections. Clavulanic acid is derived from the organism Streptomyces clavuligerus.When it is combined with amoxicillin, clavulanic acid is frequently known as Augmentin, Co-Amoxiclav, or Clavulin.

Clavulanic acid inactivates some beta-lactamase enzymes that are produced by bacteria, therefore preventing enzymatic destruction of amoxicillin. This helps to treat a variety of bacterial infections which would otherwise be resistant to antibiotics without the addition of clavulanic acid.

Probac Plus Tablet 500 mg+125 mg
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Probac Plus Tablet 500 mg+125 mg
Generic	Cefuroxime Axetil + Clavulanic Acid
Weight	500 mg+125 mg
Type	Tablet
Therapeutic Class	Second generation Cephalosporins
Manufacturer	Silva Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Available Country	Bangladesh
Last Updated:	October 19, 2023 at 6:27 am

Uses

It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria. Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes. ... Read more

Probac Plus Tablet 500 mg+125 mg is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Acute Cystitis, Acute Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis, Bacterial Infections, Bacterial Pneumonia, Bacterial infection due to streptococcus, group A, Bloodstream Infections, Bone and Joint Infections, Bronchitis, Cysto-Urethritis, Gonorrhoea, Gynaecological infection, Haemophilus Influenzae, Infection Due to Escherichia Coli, Intraabdominal Infections, Lower Respiratory Infection, Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI), Moraxella catarrhalis, Otitis Media (OM), Pharyngitis, Proteus mirabilis, Sinusitis, Skin and skin structure infections, Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Tonsillitis, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Urinary Tract Infection, Skin and skin-structure infections, Susceptible Bacterial Infections

How Probac Plus Tablet 500 mg+125 mg works

Clavulanic acid contains a beta-lactam ring in its structure that binds in an irreversible fashion to beta-lactamases, preventing them from inactivating certain beta-lactam antibiotics, with efficacy in treating susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative infections.

Dosage

Probac Plus Tablet 500 mg+125 mg dosage

Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 days Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 10 days Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: 250 mg b.i.d. for 7-10 days Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: 1000 mg b.i.d. Single dose Community acquired pneumonia: 250-500 mg b.i.d. for 5-10 days MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg b.i.d. for 10-14 days Early Lyme disease: 500 mg b.i.d. for 20 days Paediatric Patients (3 months to 12 years)- Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 5-10 days Acute otitis media: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d for 10 days Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid tablet may be taken without regard of food. The use of freshly reconstituted solution is recommended. However, it maintains potency for at least 24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at 5o C

Side Effects

Generally Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is well tolerated. However, a few side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort or pain may occur. As with other broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged administration of Cefuroxime and Clavulanic acid combination may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible microorganisms. Rarely (<0.2%) renal dysfunction, anaphylaxis, angioedema, pruritis, rash and serum sickness like urticaria may appear.

Toxicity

LD50 information

Clavulanic acid has demonstrated low oral acute toxicity in adult rodents, having an LD50 of more than 2000 mg/kg. The toxicity of clavulanic acid on pre-weaning rats was also studied. Gastrointestinal disturbance and mortality occurred, even at lower clavulanic acid doses of 125 mg/kg.

Overdose information

Overdose information has been obtained for the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, as these drugs are frequently administered together in a single product. Changes in fluid and electrolyte balances and gastrointestinal symptoms may occur in the case of an overdose. Offer symptomatic treatment or gastrointestinal disturbances, while considering the importance of fluid and electrolyte balance. This drug may be removed by a session of hemodialysis. When coadministered with amoxicillin, crystalluria causing renal failure has been observed. Seizures may also occur in a case of overdose, or in a patient with renal failure.

Precaution

Cefuroxime should be given with care to patients receiving concurrent treatment with potent diuretics & who has history of colitis.

Interaction

Concomitant administration of probenecid with Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid increases the area under the serum concentration versus time curve by 50%. Drug that reduces gastric acidity may result in a lower bioavailability of Cefuroxime and tend to cancel the effect of postprandial absorption.

Volume of Distribution

A study in 4 healthy volunteers administered a radiolabeled dose of clavulanic acid determined a volume of distribution of 12L.Clavulanic acid is distributed to various tissues and interstitial fluid. Clinically significant concentrations have been measured in the gallbladder, abdomen, skin, fat, and muscle tissues. Bile, pus, synovial and peritoneal fluids are also found to have therapeutic concentrations of clavulanic acid. Studies of animals have demonstrated that clavulanic crosses the placenta.

Elimination Route

Clavulanic acid, when taken orally, is well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. After administration of radiolabeled clavulanic acid to four human subjects, a minimum of 73% absorption and the average absolute bioavailability was calculated at 64%. The mean Cmax in a group of 8 healthy research volunteers was 2.098 ± 0.441 micrograms/ml in a pharmacokinetic study. The same study reported a mean Tmax of 1.042 ± 0.80 hours. Tmax is reported to be 40-120 minutes according to another pharmacokinetic study.

Half Life

The half-life of clavulanic acid is reported to be similar to amoxicillin, and last 45-90 minutes. A study of radiolabeled clavulanic acid administered to 4 healthy volunteers determined a half-life of 0.8 h.

Clearance

The clearance of clavulanic acid in a pharmacokinetic study of 4 healthy volunteers administered a radiolabeled dose of clavulanic acid was 0.21 l/min. Another resource indicates the average clearance of clavulanic acid is 12.20 liters/h/70 kg. Dose adjustments may be required in patients with renal failure.

Elimination Route

About 40 to 65% of the clavulanic acid is excreted as unchanged drug in urine during the first 6 hours following ingestion. The metabolites of clavulanic acid are found to be excreted in the urine and feces and as carbon dioxide in expired air. Clavulanate is cleared by both renal and non-renal processes. About 17% of radiolabeled dose of clavulanic acid was found to be exhaled in expired air and 8% of a dose was found to be excreted in the feces.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

While all antibiotics should be avoided in the first trimester if possible. However, Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid can be safely used in later pregnancy to treat urinary and other infections. Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is excreted into the breast milk in small quantities. However, the possibility of sensitizing the infant should be kept in mind.