Probenecid
Probenecid Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.
Probenecid is a uricosuric and renal tubular blocking agent and is used in combination with colchicine to treat chronic gouty arthritis when complicated by frequent, recurrent acute attacks of gout. It inhibits the reabsorption of urate at the proximal convoluted tubule, thus increasing the urinary excretion of uric acid and decreasing serum urate levels. Effective uricosuria reduces the miscible urate pool, retards urate deposition, and promotes resorption of urate deposits. At the proximal and distal tubles, probenecid competitively inhibits the secretion of many weak organic acids including penicillins, most cephalosporins, and some other β-lactam antibiotics. This results in an increase in the plasma concentrations of acidic drugs eliminated principally by renal secretion, but only a slight increase if the drug is eliminated mainly by filtration. Thus, the drug can be used for therapeutic advantages to increase concentrations of certain β-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of gonorrhea, neurosyphilis, or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
| Trade Name | Probenecid |
| Availability | Prescription only |
| Generic | Probenecid |
| Probenecid Other Names | Probenecid, Probenecid acid, Probenecida, Probenecide, Probenecidum |
| Related Drugs | prednisone, allopurinol, dexamethasone, triamcinolone, betamethasone, Decadron, febuxostat, cortisone, Zyloprim, Uloric |
| Weight | 500mg |
| Type | Oral tablet |
| Formula | C13H19NO4S |
| Weight | Average: 285.359 Monoisotopic: 285.103478791 |
| Protein binding | 75-95% |
| Groups | Approved, Investigational |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | United States |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Probenecid is a medication used to treat gouty arthritis, tophaceous gout, and hyperuricemia.
For the reduction of serum uric acid concentrations in chronic gouty arthritis and tophaceous gout in patients with frequent disabling gout attacks. Has also been effectively used to promote uric acid excretion in hyperuricemia secondary to the administration of thiazide and related diuretics.
Probenecid is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Bacterial Infections, Chronic Gouty Arthritis, Elevated Serum Uric Acid, Gout Chronic, Hyperuricemia, Infection
How Probenecid works
Probenecid inhibits the tubular reabsorption of urate, thus increasing the urinary excretion of uric acid and decreasing serum urate levels. Probenecid may also reduce plasma binding of urate and inhibit renal secretion of uric acid at subtherapeutic concentrations. The mechanism by which probenecid inhibits renal tubular transport is not known, but the drug may inhibit transport enzymes that require a source of high energy phosphate bonds and/or nonspecifically interfere with substrate access to protein receptor sites on the kidney tubules.
Food Interaction
- Avoid alcohol.
- Drink plenty of fluids.
- Take with food. Food reduces irritation.
Probenecid Drug Interaction
Moderate: aspirinMinor: ciprofloxacin, furosemideUnknown: celecoxib, colchicine, ubiquinone, rosuvastatin, apixaban, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, escitalopram, atorvastatin, metoprolol, polyethylene glycol 3350, amlodipine, clopidogrel, levothyroxine, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, cetirizine
Probenecid Disease Interaction
Major: blood dyscrasias, dehydration, uric acid nephrolithiasisModerate: PUD, renal dysfunction
Half Life
6-12 hours
Elimination Route
Excreted principally in the urine as monoacyl glucuronide and unchanged drug. Alkalinization of urine increases renal probenecid excretion.
Innovators Monograph
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