Removab
Removab Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Catumaxumab is a trifunctional monoclonal antibody developed for use in cancer treatment. It has affinity for T-cells, accessory immune cells, and cancer cells. Catumaxumab was initially authorized for market by the European Medicines Agency in April 2009 for the treatment of malignant ascites . Its market authorization was withdrawn in the EU in June 2017 at the manufacturer's request due to the company's insolvency. Catumaxumab was approved for market in Canada in May 2012 for the same condition . It is currently available under the brand name Removab.
Removab brings cancer cells, T cells, and accessory immune cells into close proximity and stimulates activation and of immune cells . This facilitates immune system-mediated destruction of the cancer cells.
| Trade Name | Removab |
| Generic | Catumaxomab |
| Catumaxomab Other Names | Catumaxomab |
| Type | |
| Weight | 150511.0 Da (Intact Mass) |
| Groups | Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | FRESENIUS BIOTECH GMBH |
| Available Country | France, Portugal, Spain |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
For use in the management of malignant ascites tumours via intraperitoneal infusion where standard therapy is not available or feasible .
Removab is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Malignant Ascites of the intraperitoneal
How Removab works
Removab contains epitopes for human CD3 and human epithelial cell adehesion molecule. It also has an intact immunoglobulin gamma constant region allowing it to bind to Fcγ I, IIa, and III receptors . By binding to CD3 on killer T cells, EpCAM on cancer cells, and Fcγ receptors on accessory immune cells like macrophages and NK cells, Removab brings immune cells into close proximity to EpCAM positive cancer cells. As a functional antibody, Removab also stimulates bound NK cells to release cytotoxic mediators like granzyme or bound macrophages to phagocytose the cancer cell. Phagocytosed cancer cells can be processed and have their antigens presented on major histocompatibililty complex II to activate helper T cells and contribute to humoural immunity and activation of killer T cells against EpCAM postive cancer cells. These macrophages also release inflammatory cytokines to attract additional immune cells to EpCAM positive tissues. When antibodies reach higher concentrations, they can stimulate complement-mediated cytotoxicity against EpCAM positive cancer cells. Bound killer T cells are activated resulting in proliferation and release of cytotoxic mediators resulting in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against the cancer cell.
Toxicity
As a mouse/rat hybrid antibody, Removab can produce immunogenicity in other species . No acute toxicity was found in mice using an analog with an anti-mouse CD3 paratope in place of Removab's anti-human CD3 paratope. A transient decrease in serum leukocytes has been observed but is attributed to migration of immune cells into EpCAM positive tissues. Data specific to Removab is extremely limited as its specificity for human protein requires data from human subjects .
Elimination Route
Removab has an observed bioavailability of 82% . This value decreases as the EpCAM positive tumour load and number of immune cells in the peritoneal cavity increases. While some Removab escapes into systemic circulation, most localizes to EpCAM positive tissues. Tmax is 19 h.
Half Life
Removab has an apparent half life of elimination of 2.5 days .
Innovators Monograph
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