rialol

rialol Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

rialol is a cardioselective β-blocker which has greater affinity for β1-receptors and has little or no effect on β2-receptors. It lacks intrinsic sympathomimetic but has little membrane-stabilising activity. It also causes the reduction of intraocular pressure by decreasing the production of aqueous humour.

rialol is a competitive, beta(1)-selective (cardioselective) adrenergic antagonist. rialol is used to treat hypertension, arrhythmias, coronary heart disease, glaucoma, and is also used to reduce non-fatal cardiac events in patients with heart failure. Activation of beta(1)-receptors (located mainly in the heart) by epinephrine increases the heart rate and the blood pressure, and the heart consumes more oxygen. Drugs such as betaxolol that block these receptors therefore have the reverse effect: they lower the heart rate and blood pressure and hence are used in conditions when the heart itself is deprived of oxygen. They are routinely prescribed in patients with ischemic heart disease. In addition, beta(1)-selective blockers prevent the release of renin, which is a hormone produced by the kidneys which leads to constriction of blood vessels. rialol is lipophilic and exhibits no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) or membrane stabilizing activity.

Trade Name rialol
Availability Prescription only
Generic Betaxolol
Betaxolol Other Names Betaxolol, Bétaxolol, Betaxololum
Related Drugs amlodipine, aspirin, lisinopril, metoprolol, losartan, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, atenolol, diltiazem, nitroglycerin
Weight 0.5%
Type Solution/ Drops
Formula C18H29NO3
Weight Average: 307.4278
Monoisotopic: 307.214743799
Protein binding

50%

Groups Approved, Investigational
Therapeutic Class Drugs for miotics and glaucoma
Manufacturer Riyadh Pharma
Available Country Saudi Arabia
Last Updated: September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am
rialol
rialol

Uses

rialol ophthalmic solution has been shown to be effective in lowering intraocular pressure and is used for the treatment of ocular hypertension and chronic open-angle glaucoma. May be used alone or in combination with other intraocular pressure lowering medication.

rialol is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: High Blood Pressure (Hypertension), Increased Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP)

How rialol works

rialol selectively blocks catecholamine stimulation of beta(1)-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle. This results in a reduction of heart rate, cardiac output, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and possibly reflex orthostatic hypotension. rialol can also competitively block beta(2)-adrenergic responses in the bronchial and vascular smooth muscles, causing bronchospasm.

Dosage

rialol dosage

The usual dose is 1 drop of rialol eye drops in the affected eye(s) twice daily. In some patients, the intraocular pressure lowering response may require a few weeks to stabilize. Clinical follow-up should include a determination of the intraocular pressure during the first month of treatment. Thereafter, intraocular pressure should be determined on an individual basis at the judgment of the physician.

Side Effects

Discomfort of short duration, occasional tearing has been reported. Rare instances of decreased corneal sensitivity, erythema, itching sensation, corneal punctuate staining, keratitis, edema and photophobia have been reported.

Toxicity

Oral LD50s are 350 to 400 mg betaxolol/kg in mice and 860 to 980 mg/kg in rats. Predicted symptoms of overdose include bradycardia, congestive heart failure, hypotension, bronchospasm, and hypoglycemia.

Precaution

Use cautiously in diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, muscle weakness, major surgery, pulmonary, risk from anaphylactic reaction, carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, impairment of fertility.

Interaction

rialol is an adrenergic blocking agent; therefore, caution should be exercised in patients using concomitant adrenergic psychotropic drug. In patients with angle-closure glaucoma, rialol ophthalmic solution should be used with a miotic and not alone.

Food Interaction

  • No food interactions are expected.

rialol Alcohol interaction

[Moderate]

Many psychotherapeutic and CNS-active agents (e.g., anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, opioids, alcohol, muscle relaxants) exhibit hypotensive effects, especially during initiation of therapy and dose escalation.

Coadministration with antihypertensives and other hypotensive agents, in particular vasodilators and alpha-blockers, may result in additive effects on blood pressure and orthostasis.

Caution and close monitoring for development of hypotension is advised during coadministration of these agents.

Some authorities recommend avoiding alcohol in patients receiving vasodilating antihypertensive drugs.

Patients should be advised to avoid rising abruptly from a sitting or recumbent position and to notify their physician if they experience dizziness, lightheadedness, syncope, orthostasis, or tachycardia.

rialol Cholesterol interaction

[Moderate] Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents (aka beta-blockers) may alter serum lipid profiles.

Increases in serum VLDL and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as decreases in HDL cholesterol, have been reported with some beta-blockers.

Patients with preexisting hyperlipidemia may require closer monitoring during beta-blocker therapy, and adjustments made accordingly in their lipid-lowering regimen.

rialol multivitamins interaction

[Moderate] ADJUST DOSING INTERVAL: Concurrent administration with calcium salts may decrease the oral bioavailability of atenolol and possibly other beta-blockers.

The exact mechanism of interaction is unknown.

In six healthy subjects, calcium 500 mg (as lactate, carbonate, and gluconate) reduced the mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of atenolol (100 mg) by 51% and 32%, respectively.

The elimination half-life increased by 44%.

Twelve hours after the combination, beta-blocking activity (as indicated by inhibition of exercise tachycardia) was reduced compared to that with atenolol alone.

However, during a 4-week treatment in six hypertensive patients, there was no difference in blood pressure values between treatments.

The investigators suggest that prolongation of the elimination half-life induced by calcium coadministration may have led to atenolol cumulation during long-term dosing, which compensated for the reduced bioavailability.

It may help to separate the administration times of beta-blockers and calcium products by at least 2 hours.

Patients should be monitored for potentially diminished beta-blocking effects following the addition of calcium therapy.

Elimination Route

Absorption of an oral dose is complete. There is a small and consistent first-pass effect resulting in an absolute bioavailability of 89% ± 5% that is unaffected by the concomitant ingestion of food or alcohol.

Half Life

14-22 hours

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

Pregnancy: There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women. rialol Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Lactation: It is not known whether betaxolol HCl is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when rialol Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution is administered to nursing women.

Contraindication

Hypersensitivity to any component of this product. rialol should not be used in patients with sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block greater than first degree, cardiogenic shock, or patients with a history of overt cardiac failure.

Special Warning

Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatric Use: No overall differences in safety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients.

Acute Overdose

No information is available on overdosage. A topical overdosage of rialol ophthalmic solution may be flushed from the eye(s) with warm tap water.

Storage Condition

Store in a cool and dry place, away from light. Keep out of reach of children. Store below 30°C

Innovators Monograph

You find simplified version here rialol

rialol contains Betaxolol see full prescribing information from innovator rialol Monograph, rialol MSDS, rialol FDA label

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