Sophorine

Sophorine Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Sophorine is an alkaloid naturally derived from the Fabaceae family of plants including the genera Laburnum and Cytisus. Recent studies have shown it to be a more effective and significantly more affordable smoking cessation treatment than nicotine replacement therapy. Also known as baptitoxine or sophorine, cytisine has been used as a smoking cessation treatment since 1964, and is relatively unknown in regions outside of central and Eastern Europe. Sophorine is a partial nicotinic acetylcholine agonist with a half-life of 4.8 hours. Recent Phase III clinical trials using Tabex (a brand of Sophorine marketed by Sopharma AD) have shown similar efficacy to varenicline, but at a fraction of the cost.

Various models have been run where the affinity of nAChR agonists to the receptor subtype are tested to help identify the molecules, groups and steric conformation that are vital to greater affinity. By using a nAChR muscle receptor subtype (α1)2β1δγ model the following results were obtained:anatoxin > epibatidine > acetylcholine > DMPP >> CYTISINE > pyrantel > nicotine > coniine > tubocurare > lobeline,where anatoxin had the highest activity efficacy and tubocurare the lowest. Acetylcholine on the other hand induced a much longer opening time of the receptor though anatoxin is more potent. The results suggest that anatoxin derivatives would be helpful in understanding structure-activity relationships (SAR) for muscle nAChRs (Cooper et al., 1996).

Sophorine
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
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Trade Name	Sophorine
Generic	Cytisine
Cytisine Other Names	Baptitoxine, Sophorine, Ulexin
Type
Formula	C₁₁H₁₄N₂O
Weight	Average: 190.2417 Monoisotopic: 190.11061308
Groups	Experimental
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Sophorine is an alkaloid with partial agonist activity at the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor used to aid smoking cessation.

Indicated for use in smoking cessation.

Sophorine is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Nicotine Craving

How Sophorine works

Sophorine is a low efficacy partial agonist of ⍺4-β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These which are believed to be central to the effect of nicotine (NIC) on the reward pathway and facilitate addiction. Sophorine reduces the effects of NIC on dopamine release in the mesolimbic system when given alone, while simultaneously attenuating NIC withdrawal symptoms that accompany cessation attempts.

Toxicity

The therapeutic index of cytisine is wide. -Large doses can interfere with breathing and cause death. From MSDS: orl-mus LD50:101 mg/kg ipr-mus LD50:8550 ug/kg ivn-mus LD50:1730 ug/kg scu-rat LD50:8750 ug/kg