Soyacap

Uses

Alfacalcidol is used for:

• It is used to increase the amount of vitamin D in your body. This often increases calcium levels as well which can help in treatment of certain illnesses.
• In general this drug is used to treat diseases where the amount of calcium and phosphate (which is controlled by the level of vitamin D) in your body needs changing.
• Benefits of being on this drug can include control of the levels of calcium and phosphate in your body.
• Treat and prevent bone conditions that are caused by kidney failure (osteodystrophy)
• Treat illnesses and abnormalities affecting the parathyroid glands which make a substance called the parathyroid hormone.
• Correct low levels of calcium in the blood of newborn babies (hypocalcaemia)
• Treat the softening and deformity of the bones due to lack of calcium (rickets or osteomalacia)

Calcium citrate is an ingredient found in a variety of supplements and vitamins.

For use as an over the counter calcium supplement.

Magnesium oxide is a compound commonly used as a laxative for the symptomatic relief of acid indigestion and upset stomach, and in health supplements for cardiovascular and neuromuscular health.

Indicated for over-the-counter use as a supplement for cardiovascular and neuromuscular health, and as an antacid for relief of acid indigestion and upset stomach.

Zinc Oxide helps to To treat or prevent skin irritations (e.g., burns, bed sore, cuts, poison ivy, diaper rash). Protects chafed skin due to diaper rash and helps seal out wetness.

Soyacap is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Hypocalcemia, Hypophosphatemic Rickets, Hypovitaminosis D, Nutritional Rickets, Osteodystrophy, Osteomalacia, Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), Hypophosphatemic osteomalaciaCalcium Deficiency, Deficiency of Vitamin D3, Deficiency, Vitamin D, Folate deficiency, Hypocalcemia, Iron Deficiency (ID), OsteoporosisAcid indigestion, Heartburn, Bowel preparation therapy, Nutritional supplementationMenopause-Related Hot FlashesAcute Wounds, Burns first degree, Burns second degree, Dermatitis, Eczematous, Diaper Rash, Herpes Labialis, Injuries to the Nipple (Fissures and Cracks) Resulting Breastfeeding, Intertrigo, Pain, Pruritus, Sensitive Skin, Skin Irritation, Skin candida, Sunburn, Wounds, Chafing, Damaged skin, Dry, cracked skin, Facial rash, Heat rash, Superficial Wounds, Watery skin lesions, Astringent, Nutritional supplementation

How Soyacap works

In conditions like chronic renal failure, renal bone disease, hypoparathyroidism, and vitamin D dependent rickets, the kidneys' capacity for 1α-hydroxylation is impaired, leading to reduced production of endogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and aberrated mineral metabolism. As an active and potent analog of vitamin D, alfacalcidol works to restore the functions and activities of endogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

Calcium citrate increases plasma calcium levels. This reduces calcium flux from osteocyte activity by reducing the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) . Calcium does this by stimulating a G-protein coupled calcium receptor on the surface of parathyroid cells. The reduction in calcium flux increases the amount of calcium deposited in bone resulting in an increase in bone mineral density. The reduction in PTH secretion also reduces the amount of vitamin D metabolized to its active form, calcidiol. Since calcidiol increases the expression of calcium dependent ATPases and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 (TRPV6) both of which are involved in calcium uptake from the gut, a reduction in calcidiol results in less calcium absorption. Additionally, TRPV5, the channel responsible for calcium reabsorption in the kidney, is downregulated when PTH secretion is reduced thus increasing calcium excretion via the kidneys. Another hormone, calitonin, is likely involved in the reduction of bone resorption during periods of high plasma calcium.

The term "Milk of Magnesia" was first used to describe a white aqueous, mildly alkaline suspension of magnesium hydroxide formulated at about 8%w/v. Milk of magnesia is primarily used to alleviate constipation, but can also be used to relieve indigestion and heartburn. When taken internally by mouth as a laxative, the osmotic force of the magnesia suspension acts to draw fluids from the body and to retain those already within the lumen of the intestine, serving to distend the bowel, thus stimulating nerves within the colon wall, inducing peristalsis and resulting in evacuation of colonic contents. Magnesium supplements have also been shown to reduce platelet aggregation by inhibiting in the influx of calcium, a crucial component of platelet aggregation.

It acts by providing a physical barrier to prevent skin irritation and help heal damaged skin.

Dosage

Soyacap dosage

Adults: The usual starting dose is 1 microgram each day. People usually take between 1 and 3 micrograms each day. Most people take between 0.25 and 1 microgram each day once the blood test results show the medicine is working.

If you have very low levels of calcium in your blood, your doctor may prescribe between 3 and 5 microgram each day. Your doctor may prescribe another medicine called a calcium supplement to take as well as Alfacalcidol. This will help to keep the right amount of calcium level in your blood.

Elderly: The usual starting dose is 0.5 microgram each day.

Children:

• Newborn and premature babies: The usual starting dose is 0.05 to 0.1 microgram per kilogram of body weight each day. If the level of calcium in their blood is very low, up to 2 micrograms per kilogram of body weight may be needed each day. A dose of 0.1 microgram per kilogram body weight each day is used to stop low blood calcium levels in premature babies.
• Children weighing less than 20 kilograms: The usual starting dose is 0.05 microgram per kilogram body weight each day.
• Children weighing more than 20 kilograms: The usual starting dose is 1 microgram each day.

Apply thin layer topically every 8 hourly. Change wet and soiled diapers, promptly cleans the diaper area, allow to dry and apply ointment liberally as often as necessary, with each diaper change, especially at bedtime or any time when exposure to wet diapers may be prolonged.

Side Effects

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, lassitude, polyuria, sweating, headache, thirst, vertigo, pruritus, rash, urticaria. Hypercalcaemia, hypercalciuria and ectopic calcification.

In case of renal impairment, hyperphosphataemia. In hypercalcaemic dialysis patients, possibility of calcium influx from the dialysate should be considered.

Usually well tolerated. Extremely low frequency of hypersensitivity reaction.

Toxicity

There is a discrepancy across a number of reported LD₅₀ values for alfacalcidol, which can be attributed to differences in the procedures used in laboratories. Oral LD₅₀ in mice ranges from 440 to 490 mcg/kg. Intravenous in mice was 290 mcg/kg; however, another source presented 56 mcg/kg in female mice and 71 mcg/kg in male mice. Oral LD₅₀ in rats ranges from 340 to 720 mcg/kg.

In case of an acute accidental overdose following oral administration, emesis or gastric lavage can be induced to prevent further drug absorption. Mineral oil may be used to promote fecal drug elimination in instances where the drug was already absorbed in the stomach.

Alfacalcidol overdose can lead to hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and hyperphosphatemia. Similarly, a high intake of calcium and phosphate concurrently with a therapeutic dose of alfacalcidol can result in those conditions. Hypercalcemia most commonly presents with headache, weakness, hypertension, somnolence, dizziness, sweating, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, polyuria, polydipsia and muscle and bone pain, and metallic taste. Hypercalcemia should be responded to with discontinuation of alfacalcidol, a low calcium diet and withdrawal of calcium supplements. Prolonged hypercalcemia can lead to nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, and reduced kidney function. In cases of severe hypercalcemia, general supportive measures are recommended, which may include forced diuresis and close monitoring of renal function, electrolytes, and electrocardiographs. Monitoring for abnormalities is especially critical in patients receiving digitalis glycosides. Management with glucocorticosteroids, loop diuretics, bisphosphonates, and calcitonin, as well as hemodialysis with low calcium content, may be considered.

Patients taking more than 4g of calcium a day are at risk of hypercalcemia and metabolic alkalosis . Chronic intake of calcium supplements is associated with adverse gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation and flatulence .

Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 7950 mg/kg [Mouse].

Precaution

Pregnancy, lactation, renal impairment, infants, elderly. Monitor serum levels of calcium in patients with renal failure. Caution in hypercalciuria in those with history of renal calculi. Avoid in patients with hypersensitivity to inj. containing propylene glycol.

For external use only. Avoid contact with the eyes. Stop use and ask a doctor if condition worsens or does not improve within 7 days. Keep out of the reach of children. If swallowed, get medical help or contact a poison control center right away

Interaction

Thiazides may increase the risk of hypercalcaemia. Some antiepileptics e.g. carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin and primidone may increase vitamin D requirements. Rifampicin, isoniazid and corticosteroids may reduce the efficacy of vitamin D.

Volume of Distribution

Intended for local use only, no systemic absorption.

Elimination Route

Alfacalcidol is absorbed passively and almost completely in the small intestine.

The percentage of calcium absorbed varies inversely with intake . Tmax of about 3.5-5h varying with formulation .

No significant percutaneous absorption from topically applied zinc oxide.

Half Life

The half-life of alfacalcidol ranges from three to four hours.

Intended for local use only, no systemic absorption.

Clearance

Intended for local use only, no systemic absorption.

Elimination Route

Cleared via the kidneys but largely reabsorbed (98-99%) under normal conditions .

Intended for local use only, no systemic absorption.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

FDA has not yet classified the drug into a specified pregnancy category.

This medication should be used with precautions only if clearly needed during pregnancy or while breast feeding

Contraindication

Hypercalcaemia, metastatic calcification, hyperphosphataemia (except when occurring with hypoparathyroidism), hypermagnesaemia.

Known hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation

Acute Overdose

No overdose related problem is yet reported.

Storage Condition

keep in a cool and dry place, away from light.

Innovators Monograph

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