Soycal
Soycal Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast.
Calcium (Ca2+) plays a pivotal role in the physiology and biochemistry of organisms and the cell. It plays an important role in signal transduction pathways, where it acts as a second messenger, in neurotransmitter release from neurons, contraction of all muscle cell types, and fertilization. Many enzymes require calcium ions as a cofactor, those of the blood-clotting cascade being notable examples. Extracellular calcium is also important for maintaining the potential difference across excitable cell membranes, as well as proper bone formation.
Isoflavone is a soy phytoestrogen and a biologically active component of several agriculturally important legumes such as soy, peanut, green peas, chick peas and alfalfa . Soybean is an exceptionally rich source of dietary isoflavones, where the average isoflavone content is 1-2 mg/gram . The main soy isoflavones are mostly present in glycosylated forms and include Genistein, Daidzein, and glycitein, which accounts for approximately 50%, 40%, and 10%, respectively, of the total soybean isoflavone content . The clinical benefits of soy proteins have been studied and demonstrated for many years, with some evidence of soy products associated with a reduced incidences of coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, type II diabetes mellitus, and breast and prostate cancer . While existing data are consistent or inadequate in supporting most of the suggested health benefits of consuming soy proteins and isoflavones , the trials investigating isoflavone as a potential treatment for atrophy, menopause, and postmenopausal symptoms are ongoing. Isoflavone is found as one of constituents in oral over-the-counter dietary supplements indicated for improved bone mass density and body fat regulation.
Isolated soy protein with isoflavones was shown to decrease LDL cholesterol levels in randomized trials assessed by the American Heart Association . In a study of postmenopausal women, daily dietary intake of 101 mg of aglycone isoflavones (indicating Genistein and Daidzein) was associated with lowered LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels by 8% and reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 6.8% in hypertensive women . In a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of menopausal women, soy isoflavones attenuated bone loss of the spine and decreased the levels of deoxypyridinoline, a bone resorption marker, while increasing serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, a bone formation marker . The findings from studies investigating the effects of soy consumption on menopausal symptoms, breast cancer, and prostate cancer remain somewhat controversial and inconclusive. Consumption of soy isoflavones may decrease the markers of cancer development and progression in prostate cells, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA), testosterone, and androgen receptor in patients with prostate cancer but not in normal subjects . Although epidemiologic data in Asian women demonstrate that high soy food intake is associated with protection against breast cancer, soy foods have little effect on intermediary markers of breast cancer risk and postmenopausal soy intake may not reduce the risk of developing breast cancer . However, preliminary studies show that soy food intake reduces tumor recurrence in breast cancer patients . Soy isoflavones reported to interfere with thyroid peroxidase, which are involved in the production of thyroid hormones .
Magnesium is classified as an alkaline earth metal and has 2 hydration shells. The element can be found in abundance in the hydrosphere and in mineral salts such as dolomite and magnesium carbonate.
Common dietary sources of magnesium include nuts (cashews, peanuts, almonds), beans, bananas, apples, carrots, broccoli, and leafy greens. Magnesium is an important enzyme cofactor and is essential to several metabolic processes. Further, the mineral helps regulate blood pressure and is necessary for RNA, DNA and protein synthesis among several other functions.
Despite the importance of magnesium and its availability via several food sources, an estimated 56 to 68% of adults who live in developed, western countries do not meet the recommended daily intake (RDI) of magnesium. Several factors and common behaviours reduce the availability of magnesium in the diet such as food processing and cooking vegetables (which are normally a rich source of magnesium).
| Trade Name | Soycal |
| Generic | Calcium + Cholecalciferol (Vit. D3) + Isoflavone + Magnesium |
| Weight | vit d3 |
| Type | Capsule |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | Comed Chemicals Pvt Ltd |
| Available Country | India |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Calcium is a mineral found in over-the-counter supplements or prescription formulations used for the treatment of specific medical conditions related to calcium deficiency.
Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. It is vital in cell signaling, muscular contractions, bone health, and signalling cascades.
Isoflavone is a biologically active phytoestrogen found in high concentrations in soy and other legumes.
Indicated for over-the-counter use as a dietary supplement for increasing bone density and regulating blood fat.
Magnesium is a medication used for many purposes including constipation, indigestion, magnesium deficiency, and pre-eclampsia.
Healthy levels of magnesium can be achieved through a well balanced diet, but if food sources are insufficient, magnesium supplements can be used to prevent and treat magnesium deficiencies.
In medicine, various magnesium salts may be used in laxative and antacid products. For example, magnesium citrate is available over-the-counter and may be used to manage occasional constipation. Magnesium sulfate may be used on its own or with total parenteral nutrition to treat hypomagnesemia. Magnesium sulfate is also indicated to prevent seizures in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, and to manage seizures associated with eclampsia.
Soycal is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Calcium Deficiency, Deficiency, Vitamin D, Osteodystrophy, Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis, Chronic Hypocalcemia, Chronic Hypocalcemia caused by anticonvulsant medications, Care of the Joint, Mineral supplementation, Nutritional supplementationNutrient supplementationCalcium Deficiency, Magnesium Deficiency, Zinc Deficiency
How Soycal works
Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. More than 500 human proteins are known to bind or transport calcium. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Parathyroid hormone (secreted from the parathyroid gland) regulates the resorption of Ca2+ from bone. Calcitonin stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone, although this process is largely independent of calcitonin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. The currently recommended calcium intake is 1,500 milligrams per day for women not taking estrogen and 800 milligrams per day for women on estrogen. There is close to 300 milligrams of calcium in one cup of fluid milk. Calcium carbonate is currently the best and least expensive form of calcium supplement available.
Isoflavones are selective estrogen receptor modulators that exert estrogenic-like effects under certain experimental conditions , as they are structurally similar to mammalian 17β-estradiol. They may bind to both α and β isoforms of estrogen receptor (ER), but with binding affinities to ERβ approximately 20 times higher than that to ERα . The role of isoflavones on estrogen-dependent cancer has been studied, since they may mediate antiestrogenic actions by blocking the binding of endogenous estrogens and their receptor signalling . In cell culture, Genistein inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, probably by arresting the cell cycle progression at the G2–M transition . In addition, genistein was shown to induce apoptosis, modify eicosanoid metabolism, and inhibit angiogenesis . There is an evidence that soy isoflavones may act on androgen receptors to inhibit tyrosine kinase activity, thereby blocking the growth and proliferation of cancer cells .
Isoflavones may not significantly contribute to the hypolipidemic effects of soy protein, but may exert coronary benefits by improving endothelial function; in clinical trials of postmenopausal women, isoflavones improved flow-mediated dilation in women with impaired endothelial function . Some observational data suggests that isoflavones improve endothelial function by increasing the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells, which replace damaged endothelial cells . Isoflavone may modulate the key transcription factors involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism by acting on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) alpha and gamma, which are receptors that regulate the transcription of genes involved in lipid and glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism . Multiple biological actions of isoflavones, such as favorable effect on the blood lipid profile and inhibition of LDL cholesterol oxidation, may lead to cardio protective effects .
Genistein has been shown to have antioxidant properties on hydrogen peroxide production in vitro and blocks the formation of oxygen free radicals . Studies also suggest that at micromolar concentrations, genistein increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in cell lines and mouse pancreatic islets via a cAMP-dependent protein kinase mechanism . Based on the findings of experimental studies, genistein may exert a positive effect on bone formation by decreasing osteoclastic resorption factor, such as collagen C-telopeptide, and increasing osteoblastic formation markers, such as bone-alkaline phosphatase . In vitro, it antagonized the catabolic effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in osteoblasts by reversing the PTH-induced increase in soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-xB ligand and decrease in osteoprotegerin expression .
Magnesium is a cofactor for at least 300 enzymes and is important for several functions in the body with some key processes identified below. Enzymes that rely on magnesium to operate help produce energy through oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and ATP metabolism. They are also involved in nerve function, muscle contraction, blood glucose control, hormone receptor binding, protein synthesis, cardiac excitability, blood pressure control, gating of calcium channels and transmembrane ion flux.
The mitochondrial intracellular space is rich in magnesium, since it is required to produce the active form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) from ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate, and behaves as a counter ion for the energy rich molecule. Additionally, magnesium is essential for ATP metabolism.
Toxicity
No toxicokinetic data available.
The recommended dietary allowance of magnesium ranges from 30 mg for infants to 420 mg for males between the age of 31 and 50. According to the institute of Medicine (IOM), the majority of adults can tolerate 350 mg of magnesium per day without experiencing adverse effects. Symptoms of magnesium toxicity include diarrhea and other gastrointestinal effects, thirst, muscle weakness, drowsiness, severe back and pelvic pain, hypotension, dizziness, confusion, difficulty breathing, lethargy, and deterioration of kidney function. Other more severe symptoms associated with magnesium overdose include loss of consciousness, respiratory arrest, cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
Regular use of laxatives containing magnesium may lead to severe and even fatal hypermagnesemia.
Discontinuation of magnesium products including supplements, laxatives, and antacids is usually sufficient to manage mild cases of magnesium overdose; however, patients should also be screened for renal impairment.
In severe cases of magnesium overdose, patients may require supportive care and interventions including intravenous fluids and furosemide, IV calcium chloride or calcium gluconate, renal dialysis and artificial respiratory support.
Volume of Distribution
Isoflavones are readily distributed to all tissues, and they are known to cross the placental barrier and blood brain barrier . They are also distributed to the extra-vascular compartments. In a human study, the volume of distribution of daidzein and genistein were 336.25 L and 258.76 L, respectively .
According to a pharmacokinetic review, the volume of distribution of magnesium sulphate when used to manage patients with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia ranged from 13.65 to 49.00 L.
Elimination Route
Following oral ingestion, serum isoflavone concentrations increase in a dose-dependent manner . Isoflavones are metabolized by gut microflora, where they need to undergo deglycosylation in order to be absorbed in the intestine . After oral ingestion, glycosylated isoflavones are rapidly deglycosylated, absorbed and metabolized in intestinal enterocytes and liver, entering the systemic circulation predominantly as conjugates with limited bioavailability . In humans, the mean time to reach peak plasma concentrations (Tmax) for conjugated and unconjugated genistein and daidzein are approximately 5-6 and 6-8 hours, respectively .
Approximately 24-76% of ingested magnesium is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, primarily via passive paracellular absorption in the small intestine.
Half Life
The half-life of isoflavones is between 4 and 8 h . Daidzein has a longer intestinal half-life than genistein due to more rapid degradation of genistein . Individual half-life of daidzein and genistein in a human pharmacokinetic study were 7.75 h and 7.77 h, respectively .
Magnesiums biologic half-life is reported to be approximately 1000 hours or 42 days.
Clearance
In a human study, the clearance rate for daidzein and genistein were 30.09 L/h and 21.85 L/h, respectively .
Elimination Route
The kidney excretes 250 mmol a day in urine, and resorbs 245 mmol, leading to a net loss in the urine of 5 mmol/d.
Renal excretion is the predominant route of elimination for dietary isoflavones, where approximately 10-60% of total administered dose is excreted in urine . Glucuronide conjugates account for the majority (70-90%) of the isoflavone content in urine, followed by sulphate conjugates (10-25%) and aglycone forms (1-10%) . Fecal excretion is minimal, which accounts for 1-4% of the dietary isoflavone ingested .
The majority of magnesium is excreted renally.
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