Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals

Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Prolongation of the QTc interval has been observed at doses of 50 mg. In rats, it has been observed that tetrabenazine or its metabolites bind to melanin-containing tissues such as the eyes and skin. After a single oral dose of radiolabeled tetrabenazine, radioactivity was still detected in eye and fur at 21 days post dosing.Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals is a reversible human vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 inhibitor (Ki = 100 nM). It acts within the basal ganglia and promotes depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine from stores. It also decreases uptake into synaptic vesicles. Dopamine is required for fine motor movement, so the inhibition of its transmission is efficacious for hyperkinetic movement. Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals exhibits weak in vitro binding affinity at the dopamine D2 receptor (Ki = 2100 nM).

Prolongation of the QTc interval has been observed at doses of 50 mg. In rats, it has been observed that tetrabenazine or its metabolites bind to melanin-containing tissues such as the eyes and skin. After a single oral dose of radiolabeled tetrabenazine, radioactivity was still detected in eye and fur at 21 days post dosing.

Trade Name Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals
Availability Prescription only
Generic Tetrabenazine
Tetrabenazine Other Names Tetrabenazina, Tetrabenazine, Tetrabenazinum
Related Drugs Austedo, deutetrabenazine, Xenazine
Type
Formula C19H27NO3
Weight Average: 317.4226
Monoisotopic: 317.199093735
Protein binding

Tetrabenazine = 82 - 88%; α-HTBZ = 60 - 68%; β-HTBZ = 59 - 63%.

Groups Approved, Investigational
Therapeutic Class Atypical neuroleptic drugs
Manufacturer
Available Country Belgium
Last Updated: September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am
Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals
Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals

Uses

Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals is used for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington's disease.

Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome, Hemiballismus, Huntington's Disease (HD), Tardive Dyskinesia (TD), Senile chorea

How Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals works

Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals is a reversible human vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 inhibitor (Ki = 100 nM). It acts within the basal ganglia and promotes depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine from stores. It also decreases uptake into synaptic vesicles. Dopamine is required for fine motor movement, so the inhibition of its transmission is efficacious for hyperkinetic movement. Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals exhibits weak in vitro binding affinity at the dopamine D2 receptor (Ki = 2100 nM).

Dosage

Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals dosage

General Dosing Considerations:

The chronic daily dose of Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals used to treat chorea associated with Huntington's disease (HD) is determined individually for each patient. When first prescribed, Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals therapy should be titrated slowly over several weeks to identify a dose of XENAXINE that reduces chorea and is tolerated. Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals can be administered without regard to food.

Individualization Of Dose:

Dosing Recommendations Up to 50 mg per day: The starting dose should be 12.5 mg per day given once in the morning. After one week, the dose should be increased to 25 mg per day given as 12.5 mg twice a day. Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals should be titrated up slowly at weekly intervals by 12.5 mg daily, to allow the identification of a tolerated dose that reduces chorea. If a dose of 37.5 to 50 mg per day is needed, it should be given in a three times a day regimen. The maximum recommended single dose is 25 mg. If adverse reactions such asakathisia, restlessness,parkinsonism, depression, insomnia, anxiety or sedation occur, titration should be stopped and the dose should be reduced. If the adverse reaction does not resolve, consideration should be given to withdrawing Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals treatment or initiating other specific treatment (e.g.,antidepressants).

Dosing Recommendations Above 50 mg per day: Patients who require doses of Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals greater than 50 mg per day should be first tested and genotyped to determine if they are poor metabolizers (PMs) or extensive metabolizers (EMs) by their ability to express the drug metabolizing enzyme, CYP2D6. The dose of Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals should then be individualized accordingly to their status as PMs or EMs

Extensive and Intermediate CYP2D6 Metabolizers:

Genotyped patients who are identified as extensive (EMs) or intermediate metabolizers (IMs) of CYP2D6, who need doses of Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals above 50 mg per day, should be titrated up slowly at weekly intervals by 12.5 mg daily, to allow the identification of a tolerated dose that reduces chorea. Doses above 50 mg per day should be given in a three times a day regimen. The maximum recommended daily dose is 100 mg and the maximum recommended single dose is 37.5 mg. If adverse reactions such as akathisia, parkinsonism, depression, insomnia, anxiety or sedation occur, titration should be stopped and the dose should be reduced. If the adverse reaction does not resolve, consideration should be given to withdrawing Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals treatment or initiating other specific treatment (e.g., antidepressants)

Side Effects

The following serious adverse reactions are Depression, Suicidality Akathisia, restlessness, and agitation, Parkinsonism, Dysphagia, Sedation and somnolence

Toxicity

Dose-limiting adverse effects are sedation, parkinsonism, akathsia, and depression. LD50 oral, mouse: 550 mg/kg

Precaution

May exacerbate symptoms of parkinsonism. Caution to be exercised when driving or performing skilled tasks. Pregnancy.

Interaction

Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals should not be given with or within 14 days of discontinuation of MAOI therapy. Blocks action of reserpine. Decreases effects of levodopa and worsen parkinsonism. Increased risk of extrapyramidal side effects when given with amantadine, metoclopramide, antipsychotics.

Food Interaction

  • Avoid alcohol. Ingesting alcohol may increase the drowsiness caused by tetrabenazine.
  • Take with or without food.

[Moderate] GENERALLY AVOID: Alcohol may potentiate some of the pharmacologic effects of CNS-active agents.

Use in combination may result in additive central nervous system depression and
MANAGEMENT: Patients receiving CNS-active agents should be warned of this interaction and advised to avoid or limit consumption of alcohol.

Ambulatory patients should be counseled to avoid hazardous activities requiring complete mental alertness and motor coordination until they know how these agents affect them, and to notify their physician if they experience excessive or prolonged CNS effects that interfere with their normal activities.

Volume of Distribution

Steady State, IV, in HD or tardive dyskinesia patients: 385L. Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals is rapidly distributed to the brain following IV injection. The site with the highest binding is the striatum, while the lowest binding was observed in the cortex.

Elimination Route

Following oral administration of tetrabenazine, the extent of absorption is at least 75%. After single oral doses ranging from 12.5 to 50 mg, plasma concentrations of tetrabenazine are generally below the limit of detection because of the rapid and extensive hepatic metabolism of tetrabenazine. Food does not affect the absorption of tetrabenazine. Cmax, oral = 4.8 ng/mL in HD or tardive dyskinesia patients;
Tmax, oral = 69 min in HD or tardive dyskinesia patients

Half Life

α-HTBZ = 7 hours; β-HTBZ = 5 hours; 9-desmethyl-β-DHTBZ = 12 hours.

Clearance

IV, 1.67 L/min in HD or tardive dyskinesia patients

Elimination Route

After oral administration, tetrabenazine is extensively hepatically metabolized, and the metabolites are primarily renally eliminated (75%). Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals is also cleared fecally (7% to 16%). Unchanged tetrabenazine has not been found in human urine. Urinary excretion of α-HTBZ or β-HTBZ (the major metabolites) accounted for less than 10% of the administered dose.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

Pregnancy Category C. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals or its metabolites are excreted in human milk. Since many drugs are excreted into human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Contraindication

Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals is contraindicated in patients:

  • Who are actively suicidal, or in patients with untreated or inadequately treated depression
  • With hepatic impairment
  • Taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). XENAZINE should not be used in combination with an MAOI, or within a minimum of 14 days of discontinuing therapy with an MAOI

Special Warning

Pediatric Use: The safety and efficacy of Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatric Use: The pharmacokinetics of Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals and its primary metabolites have not been formally studied in geriatric subjects.

Hepatic Impairment: Because the safety and efficacy of the increased exposure to Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals and other circulating metabolites are unknown, it is not possible to adjust the dosage of Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals in hepatic impairment to ensure safe use. The use of Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals in patients with hepatic impairment is contraindicated

Acute Overdose

Three episodes of overdose occurred in the open-label trials performed in support of registration. Eight cases of overdose with Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals have been reported in the literature. The dose of Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals in these patients ranged from 100 mg to 1g. Adverse reactions associated with Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals overdose include acute dystonia, oculogyric crisis, nausea and vomiting, sweating, sedation, hypotension, confusion, diarrhea, hallucinations, rubor, and tremor.

Treatment should consist of those general measures employed in the management of overdosage with any CNS-active drug. General supportive and symptomatic measures are recommended. Cardiac rhythm and vital signs should be monitored. In managing overdosage, the possibility of multiple drug involvement should always be considered. The physician should consider contacting a poison control center on the treatment of any overdose.

FAQ

What is Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals used for?

Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals is used to treat chorea sudden movements that you cannot control caused by Huntington's disease an inherited disease that causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain.

How to use Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals?

Take this medication by mouth with or without food, usually once a day in the morning when you first start treatment or as directed by your doctor.

What's the common side effects of Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals?

Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals may cause common side effects are include:

  • nausea.
  • diarrhea.
  • vomiting.
  • decreased appetite.
  • headache.
  • pain or burning upon urination.
  • bruising.
  • difficulty speaking or being understood.

Is Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals safe during pregnancy?

Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals should not be used during pregnancy unless no other treatment is available.

Is Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals safe during breastfeeding?

It is not known whether tetrabenazine passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed while using this medicine.

Can I drink alcohol with Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals?

Drinking alcohol while you are taking Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals may cause you to feel abnormally sleepy.It is not recommended to use this medicine with certain types of antidepressants, alcohol,opioids, beta blockers, antihypertensive drugs , hypnotics and neuroleptics (medicine to treat psychotic disorders).


Can I drive after taking Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals?

Do not drive, use machinery, or do anything that needs mental alertness until you know how this medicine affects you. Do not stand or sit up quickly, especially if you are an older patient. This reduces the risk of dizzy or fainting spells.

What does Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals do to the brain?

It works by changing the activity of certain natural substances in the brain that affect nerves and muscles.

How long does it take Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals to work?

Improvements may be seen in as little as 1 to 2 weeks. However, it can sometimes take up to 6 weeks to see the full benefits of the medication.

Can I just stop taking Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals?

You should not stop using Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals suddenly or your symptoms may return. Talk to your doctor before you stop taking this medicine.

Does Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals cause weight gain?

Weight increase was 0.8 lb/mo in the Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals group compared with 1.7 lb/mo in the neuroleptic group. Most patients who switched from a neuroleptic drug to Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals subsequently lost weight.

Can Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals be crushed?

Administer with food and swallow tablets whole,do not crush, break or chew.

What does Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals do to the brain?

Tetrabenazine AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals works by changing the activity of certain natural substances in the brain that affect nerves and muscles.

http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0000000
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0000002
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0002955
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0002955
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0000138
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0001581
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0003899
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0000128
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0002239
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0003487
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0004139
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0004557
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0003940
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0004150
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:64028
http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0015592
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D08575
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C11168
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=6018
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46506426
https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.5796.html
http://www.bindingdb.org/bind/chemsearch/marvin/MolStructure.jsp?monomerid=50017701
https://mor.nlm.nih.gov/RxNav/search?searchBy=RXCUI&searchTerm=10390
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=64028
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/CHEMBL117785
http://bidd.nus.edu.sg/group/cjttd/ZFTTDDRUG.asp?ID=DAP000756
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA140222719
http://www.rxlist.com/xenazine-drug.htm
https://www.drugs.com/cdi/tetrabenazine.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrabenazine
*** Taking medicines without doctor's advice can cause long-term problems.
Share