Thiamin
Thiamin Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Thiamin, in the form of thiamine pyrophosphate, is the coenzyme for decarboxylation of α-ketoglutaric acid. Thiamin deficiency affects the peripheral nervous system, the gastrointestinal tract, and the cardiovascular system. This vitamin is necessary for the optimal growth of infants and children. Thiamin is not stored in the body, and is regularly lost from tissues during short periods of deficiency. In order to maintain normal health, an adequate amount of thiamine is required every day. Deficiency of thiamine leads to fatigue, anorexia, gastrointestinal disturbance, tachycardia, irritability and neurological symptoms. Beriberi, a disease due to vitamin B1 deficiency, is common in alcoholics, in pregnant women receiving an inadequate diet, and in people with malabsorption syndrome, prolonged diarrhoea and hepatic disease.
Thiamin is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and widely distributed throughout the body. Thiamin is rapidly absorbed from the upper small intestine. Thiamin is not stored in the body to any appreciable extent. Excess ingested thiamine appears in urine as intact thiamine or as pyrimidine, which arises from degradation of the thiamine molecule. The plasma half life of thiamine is 24 hours.
Thiamin is a vitamin with antioxidant, erythropoietic, cognition-and mood-modulatory, antiatherosclerotic, putative ergogenic, and detoxification activities. Thiamin has been found to protect against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney. Thiamin deficiency results in selective neuronal death in animal models. The neuronal death is associated with increased free radical production, suggesting that oxidative stress may play an important early role in brain damage associated with thiamine deficiency. Thiamin plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation may also promote atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells in culture have been found to have a decreased proliferative rate and delayed migration in response to hyperglycemic conditions. Thiamin has been shown to inhibit this effect of glucose on endothelial cells.
| Trade Name | Thiamin |
| Availability | Rx and/or OTC |
| Generic | Thiamine |
| Thiamine Other Names | Aneurin, Antiberiberi factor, Thiamin, Thiamine, thiamine(1+), thiamine(1+) ion, thiaminium, Thiaminum, Tiamina, Vitamin B1 |
| Related Drugs | ferrous sulfate, folic acid, ergocalciferol, Zinc, selenium, Vitamin B1 |
| Weight | 100mg, |
| Type | Tablet, Injection |
| Formula | C12H17N4OS |
| Weight | Average: 265.355 Monoisotopic: 265.112306876 |
| Protein binding | 90-94% |
| Groups | Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical, Vet approved |
| Therapeutic Class | Vitamin-B preparations |
| Manufacturer | Opsonin Pharma Ltd, Ordain Health Care Global Private Limited, Exeltis |
| Available Country | Bangladesh, India |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Thiamin is specifically used in the treatment of the various manifestations of thiamine deficiency such as Beriberi and Wernick's encephalopathy, neuritis associated with pregnancy and pellagra. Supplementary Thiamin may be used prophylactically in conditions where there is low dietary intake or impaired gastro intestinal absorption of thiamine (e.g. alcohol) or where requirements are increased (pregnancy, carbohydrate rich diet).
Thiamin is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Anemia, B12 Deficiency Anemia, Beriberi, Cardiovascular Heart Disease caused by Thiamine Deficiency, Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia, Infantile Beriberi, Infection, Iron Deficiency (ID), Liver disorder, Neuritis caused by Pregnancy, Secondary anemia, Thiamine Deficiency, Vitamin Deficiency, Wernicke's encephalopathy, Nutritional supplementation, Vitamin supplementation, Dietary supplementation
How Thiamin works
It is thought that the mechanism of action of thiamine on endothelial cells is related to a reduction in intracellular protein glycation by redirecting the glycolytic flux. Thiamin is mainly the transport form of the vitamin, while the active forms are phosphorylated thiamine derivatives. Natural derivatives of thiamine phosphate, such as thiamine monophosphate (ThMP), thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), also sometimes called thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), thiamine triphosphate (ThTP), and thiamine triphosphate (AThTP), that act as coenzymes in addition to their each unique biological functions.
Dosage
Thiamin dosage
Prophylaxis: 3 to 10 mg daily.
Mild chronic deficiency: 10 to 25 mg daily.
Severe deficiency: 200 to 300 mg daily.
Side Effects
Vitamin B1 does not have adverse effects when given orally, but in a few fatal cases anaphylactic reactions have occurred after intravenous administration of large doses (400 mg) in sensitive patients, especially children, and in one case following an intramuscular dose of 125 mg. The risk of such reactions increases with repeated administration of the drug by parenteral route. Transient mild soreness may occur at the site of intramuscular administration
Toxicity
Thiamin toxicity is uncommon; as excesses are readily excreted, although long-term supplementation of amounts larger than 3 gram have been known to cause toxicity. Oral mouse LD50 = 8224 mg/kg, oral rat LD50 = 3710 mg/kg.
Interaction
No hazardous drug interactions have been reported. Vitamin B1 acts synergistically with other vitamins of the B-complex group and its potential for causing adverse effects is considerably reduced.
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Thiamin Disease Interaction
Elimination Route
Absorbed mainly from duodenum, by both active and passive processes
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
The drug may be given safely to neonates, children, pregnant and lactating women and elderly patients.
Contraindication
There is no absolute contraindication but the risk of anaphylaxis is increased by repeated parenteral administration. Mild allergic phenomena, such as sneezing or mild asthma are warning signs that further may give rise to anaphylactic shock. To avoid this possibility it is advisable to start a second course of injection with a dose considerably lower than that previously used. Because of the above, vitamin B1 injection should not be given intravenously except in the case of comatose patients. Once thiamine deficiency is corrected there is no need for parenteral administration or for the administration of amounts in excess of daily requirement.
Storage Condition
Thiamin injection should be protected from light and moisture.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Thiamin
FAQ
What is Thiamin used for?
Thiamin is used to treat beriberi tingling and numbness in feet and hands, muscle loss, and poor reflexes caused by a lack of Thiamin in the diet and to treat and prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome tingling and numbness in hands and feet, memory loss, confusion caused by a lack of Thiamin in the diet.
How safe is Thiamin?
Thiamin is generally safe. Very high doses may cause stomach upset.
What are the common side effects of Thiamin?
Side effects of Thiamin are include:
- warmth
- severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)
- skin discoloration
- sweating
- restlessness
- rapid swelling of the skin
- itching
- hives
- fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema)
- weakness
- tightness of the throat
- nausea
Who should not take Thiamin?
You should not use Thiamin if you have ever had an allergic reaction to it.
Can I take Thiamin daily?
The recommended daily amount of Thiamin for adult men is 1.2 milligrams and for adult women is 1.1 milligrams.
How long should I take Thiamin for?
Thiamin use daily for one month. A complete and balanced diet should follow.
What happens if I stop taking Thiamin?
if you stop taking Thiamin it can lead to serious health conditions including beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
Is Thiamin safe during pregnancy?
Thiamin is generally safe to take during pregnancy.Thiamin is only recommended for use during pregnancy when benefit outweighs risk.
Is Thiamin good for pregnancy?
Thiamin is essential during pregnancy because it supports your baby's brain development and enables you and your baby to convert carbohydrates into energy.
Is Thiamin safe during breastfeeding?
Thiamin is usually safe to take while you're breastfeeding. It passes into your breast milk, but it's not harmful to your baby.
When should I take Thiamin?
Thiamin tablets are usually taken once a day. Doses of 25-100 mg are sufficient to prevent mild deficiency. You can take the tablets at whatever time of day you find easiest to remember, either before or after meals.
What happens if I get too much of Thiamin?
If I get too much of Thiamin it can cause hypertension or high blood pressure.
Does Thiamin increase heart rate?
Yes,Thiamin may increased heart rate.
Is Thiamin good for anxiety?
Thiamin intake to an improvement in anxiety levels for those with generalized anxiety disorder.
Can I drink alcohol with Thiamin?
It's best to avoid alcohol if you are taking Thiamin for a vitamin B1 deficiency.
Does Thiamin help hangovers?
Thiamin can play a major role in the functioning of brain and nervous system and aid your body in getting over the hangover easily.
When should I stop taking Thiamin?
If the patient has been abstinent for 6 weeks or more and has regained adequate nutritional status then should you stop taking Thiamin.
What does Thiamin do in the brain?
Thiamin is an essential cofactor for several enzymes involved in brain cell metabolism that are required for the production of precursors for several important cell components as well as for the generation of the energy–supplying molecule ATP.
Can I drive after taking Thiamin?
This medicine is not known to affect the ability to drive or use machines.If you feel you may be affected, do not drive or use machines and speak to your doctor.
Can Thiamin cause headaches?
Low Thiamin intake leads to increased risk of the Wernicke-Korsakoff and frequent headaches.
