Trama Dt
Trama Dt Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Trama Dt is a centrally acting synthetic analgesic compound. It inhibits the re uptake of neurotransmitters- serotonin and noradrenaline. Thus it modifies the transmission of pain impulses by activating both descending serotonergic pathways and noradrenergic pathways involved in analgesia. The analgesic effects of Trama Dt are mediated via stimulation of mu-opioid receptors and indirect modulation of central monoaminergic inhibitory pathways.
Trama Dt modulates the descending pain pathways within the central nervous system through the binding of parent and M1 metabolite to μ-opioid receptors and the weak inhibition of the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.
Apart from analgesia, tramadol may produce a constellation of symptoms (including dizziness, somnolence, nausea, constipation, sweating and pruritus) similar to that of other opioids.
Central Nervous System
Trade Name | Trama Dt |
Availability | Prescription only |
Generic | Tramadol |
Tramadol Other Names | Tramadol, Tramadolum |
Related Drugs | Buprenex, Subutex, aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, duloxetine, naproxen, diclofenac, Tylenol, oxycodone |
Type | Tablet |
Formula | C16H25NO2 |
Weight | Average: 263.3752 Monoisotopic: 263.188529049 |
Protein binding | About 20% of the administered dose is found to bind to plasma proteins. Protein binding appears to be independent of concentrations up to 10μg/mL. Saturation only occurs at concentrations outside of the clinical range. |
Groups | Approved, Investigational |
Therapeutic Class | Opioid analgesics |
Manufacturer | Psycormedies |
Available Country | India |
Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Trama Dt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe painful conditions. These include: Postoperative pain, Colic and spastic pain, Cancer pain, Joint pain, Neck and back pain & Pain associated with osteoporosis.
Trama Dt is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Pain, Acute, Premature Ejaculation, Severe Pain, Acute, moderate, severe Pain, Moderate Pain
How Trama Dt works
Trama Dt is a centrally acting μ-opioid receptor agonist and SNRI (serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake-inhibitor) that is structurally related to codeine and morphine. Trama Dt binds weakly to κ- and δ-opioid receptors and to the μ-opioid receptor with 6000-fold less affinity than morphine.
Trama Dt exists as a racemic mixture consisting of two pharmacologically active enantiomers that both contribute to its analgesic property through different mechanisms: (+)-tramadol and its primary metabolite (+)-O-desmethyl-tramadol (M1) are agonists of the μ opioid receptor while (+)-tramadol inhibits serotonin reuptake and (-)-tramadol inhibits norepinephrine reuptake. These pathways are complementary and synergistic, improving tramadol's ability to modulate the perception of and response to pain.
In animal models, M1 is up to 6 times more potent than tramadol in producing analgesia and 200 times more potent in μ-opioid binding.
Trama Dt has also been shown to affect a number of pain modulators including alpha2-adrenoreceptors, neurokinin 1 receptors, the voltage-gated sodium channel type II alpha subunit, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1 - also known as the capsaicin receptor), muscarinic receptors (M1 and M3), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or glutamate receptor), Adenosine A1 receptors, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
In addition to the above neuronal targets, tramadol has a number of effects on inflammatory and immune mediators involved in the pain response. This includes inhibitory effects on cytokines, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nuclear factor-κB, and glial cells as well as a change in the polarization state of M1 macrophages.
Dosage
Trama Dt dosage
Capsule or Tablet: Usual doses are 50 to 100 mg every four to six hours. For acute pain an initial dose of 100 mg is required. For chronic painful conditions an initial dose of 50 mg is recommended. Subsequent doses should be 50 to 100 mg administered 4-6 hourly. The dose level and frequency of dosing will depend on the severity of the pain.The total daily dosage by mouth should not exceed 400 mg.
Sustained Release Capsuleor Tablet: One SR capsuleor tablet every 12 hours, for example first one in the morning and then at the same time in the evening. The number of capsules taken at a time will depend upon severity of pain, but it should not be taken more frequently than every 12 hours.The total daily dosage by mouth should not exceed 400 mg.
Injection: A dose of 50-100 mg may be given every 4 to 6 hours by intramuscular or by intravenous infusion. For the treatment of postoperative pain,the initial dose is 100 mg followed by 50 mg every 10 to 20 minutes if necessary to a maximum of 250 mg in the first hour. Thereafter, doses are 50 to 100 mg every 4 to 6 hours up to a total daily dose of 600 mg.
Suppository: Trama Dt suppository should be administered rectally. For adults usual dose is 100 mg Trama Dt Hydrochloride 6 hourly. In general, 400 mg Trama Dt Hydrochloride (4 Trama Dt suppository) per day sufficient. However, for the treatment of Cancer pain and severe pain after operations much higher daily doses can be used.
Side Effects
Commonly occurring side-effects are dizziness/vertigo, nausea, constipation, headache, somnolence, vomiting, pruritus, CNS stimulation, asthenia, sweating, dyspepsia, dry mouth, diarrhoea.
Less commonly occurring side-effects include malaise, allergic reaction, weight loss, vasodilatation, palpitations, abdominal pain, anorexia, flatulence, GI bleeding, hepatitis, stomatitis etc.
Toxicity
The reported LD50 for tramadol, when administered orally in mice, is 350 mg/kg.
In carcinogenic studies, there are reports of murine tumors which cannot be concluded to be carcinogenic in humans. On the other hand, tramadol showed no evidence to be mutagenic in different assays and does not have effects on fertility. However, there are clear reports of embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity.
Precaution
Respiratory depression: When large doses of tramadol are administered with anaesthetic with anaesthetic medications or alcohol, respiratory depression may result. Therefore, tramadol should be administered cautiously in patients at risk for respiratory depression.
Opioid dependence: Trama Dt is not recommended for patients who are dependent on opioids.
Concomitant CNS depressants: Trama Dt should be used with caution and in reduced dosages when administering to patients receiving CNS depressants such as alcohol, opioids, anesthetic agents, phenothiazines, tranquilizers or sedative hypnotics.
Concomitant MAO inhibitors: Trama Dt should be used with great caution in patients taking MAO inhibitors, since tramadol inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.
Trama Dt should be used with caution in patients with increased intracranial pressure or head injury and patients with acute abdominal conditions.
Interaction
In general, physician need not be concerned about drugs interacting with Trama Dt. The monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors represent the only drug class not recommended for combination with Trama Dt. Concomitant administration of carbamazepine with Trama Dt causes a significant increase in Trama Dt metabolism and it requires to increase the dose of Trama Dt.
Food Interaction
- Avoid alcohol. Co-administration of alcohol may potentiate the CNS effects of tramadol.
- Take with or without food. Co-administration of food does not affect pharmacokinetics.
[Moderate] GENERALLY AVOID: Alcohol may potentiate some of the pharmacologic effects of CNS-active agents.
Use in combination may result in additive central nervous system depression and
MANAGEMENT: Patients receiving CNS-active agents should be warned of this interaction and advised to avoid or limit consumption of alcohol.
Ambulatory patients should be counseled to avoid hazardous activities requiring complete mental alertness and motor coordination until they know how these agents affect them, and to notify their physician if they experience excessive or prolonged CNS effects that interfere with their normal activities.
Trama Dt Drug Interaction
Major: zolpidem, duloxetine, cyclobenzaprine, pregabalin, acetaminophen / hydrocodone, alprazolam, sertralineModerate: diphenhydramine, celecoxib, cetirizineUnknown: aspirin, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, atorvastatin, esomeprazole, montelukast, levothyroxine, acetaminophen, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of tramadol is reported to be in the range of 2.6-2.9 L/kg. Trama Dt has high tissue affinity; the total volume of distribution after oral administration was 306L and 203L after parenteral administration. Trama Dt crosses the blood-brain barrier with peak brain concentrations occurring 10 minutes following oral administration. It also crosses the placental barrier with umbilical concentrations being found to be ~80% of maternal concentrations.
Elimination Route
Oral Administration
Trama Dt is administered as a racemate, with both the [-] and [+] forms of both tramadol and the M1 metabolite detected in circulation. Following administration, racemic tramadol is rapidly and almost completely absorbed, with a bioavailability of 75%. This difference in absorption and bioavailability can be attributed to the 20-30% first-pass metabolism. Peak plasma concentrations of tramadol and the primary metabolite M1 occur at two and three hours, respectively. Following a single oral dose of 100mg of tramadol, the Cmax was found to be approximately 300μg/L with a Tmax of 1.6-1.9 hours, while metabolite M1 was found to have a Cmax of 55μg/L with a Tmax of 3 hours.
Steady-state plasma concentrations of both tramadol and M1 are achieved within two days of dosing. There is no evidence of self-induction. Following multiple oral doses, Cmax is 16% higher and AUC is 36% higher than after a single dose, demonstrating a potential role of saturable first-pass hepatic metabolism in increasing bioavailability.
Intramuscular Administration
Trama Dt is rapidly and almost completely absorbed following intramuscular administration. Following injection of 50mg of tramadol, Cmax of 166μg/L was found with a Tmax of 0.75 hours.
Rectal Administration
Following rectal administration with suppositories containing 100mg of tramadol, Cmax of 294μg/L was found with a Tmax of 3.3 hours. The absolute bioavailability was found to be higher than oral administration (77% vs 75%), likely due to reduced first-pass metabolism with rectal administration compared to oral administration.
Half Life
Trama Dt reported a half-life of 5-6 hours while the M1 metabolite presents a half-life of 8 hours.
Clearance
In clinical trials, the clearance rate of tramadol ranged from 3.73 ml/min/kg in renal impairment patients to 8.50 ml/min/kg in healthy adults.
Elimination Route
Trama Dt is eliminated primarily through metabolism by the liver and the metabolites are excreted primarily by the kidneys, accounting for 90% of the excretion while the remaining 10% is excreted through feces. Approximately 30% of the dose is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug, whereas 60% of the dose is excreted as metabolites.
The mean terminal plasma elimination half-lives of racemic tramadol and racemic M1 are 6.3 ± 1.4 and 7.4 ± 1.4 hours, respectively. The plasma elimination half-life of racemic tramadol increased from approximately six hours to seven hours upon multiple dosing.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Safe use of Trama Dt in pregnancy has not been established. Trama Dt has been shown to cross the placenta. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Therefore, Trama Dt should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the risk to the foetus. Trama Dt Hydrochloride should not be administered during breast feeding as Trama Dt and its metabolites have been detected in breast milk.
Contraindication
Trama Dt is contraindicated in persons having hypersensitivity to this drug. It is also contraindicated in acute intoxication with alcohol, hypnotics, centrally acting analgesics, opioids or psychotropic drugs.
Special Warning
Paediatric use: The paediatric use of Trama Dt is not recommended because safety and efficacy in patients under 16 years of age have not been established.
Use in children: Use in children from the age of 1 year Trama Dt Hydrochloride can be given in a dose of 1-2 mg/kg body weight. However,suppository (100 mg Trama Dt Hydrochloride) should not be administered in children and adolescents below the age of 14 years. Trama Dt Hydrochloride 100 mg SR Capsules have not been studied in children. Therefore,safety and efficacy have not been established and the product should not be used in children.
Renal Impairment: Oral:
- CrCl <10: Contraindicated.
- CrCl 10 to <30: Increase dosing interval to 12. Max: 200 mg/day; Contraindicated (extended-release tab).
Parenteral:
- CrCl <10: Contraindicated.
- CrCl 10-30: Increase dosing interval to 12 hrly.
Hepatic Impairment:
- Oral: Severe: Increase dosing interval to 12 hrly; Contraindicated (extended-release).
- Parenteral: Severe: Increase dosing interval to 12 hrly.
Storage Condition
Store below 30° C, protected from light and moisture. Keep all medicines out of reach of children.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Trama Dt
Trama Dt contains Tramadol see full prescribing information from innovator Trama Dt Monograph, Trama Dt MSDS, Trama Dt FDA label
FAQ
What is Trama Dt used for?
It's used to treat moderate to severe pain, for example after an operation or a serious injury. It's also used to treat long-standing pain when weaker painkillers no longer work.
How safe is Trama Dt?
Trama Dt has a risk for abuse and addiction, which can lead to overdose and death.Trama Dt may also cause severe, possibly fatal, To lower your risk, your doctor should have you take the smallest dose of Trama Dt that works, and take it for the shortest possible time.
What are the common side effects of Trama Dt?
Trama Dt may cause side effects are include :
- sleepiness
- difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
- headache
- nervousness
- uncontrollable shaking of a part of the body
- muscle tightness
- changes in mood
- heartburn or indigestion
- dry mouth
How does Trama Dt work?
Trama Dt is from a group of medicines called opiates, or narcotics. It acts on pain receptors in the central nervous system and the brain to block pain signals to the rest of the body. It also works in your brain to stop you feeling pain messages.
Is Trama Dt safe during pregnancy?
people should avoid using opioids like tramadol during pregnancy. These concerns involve both the possibility of birth defects as well as neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome if the opioid is taken close to the baby's birth.
Is Trama Dt safe during breastfeeding?
Trama Dt recommended during treatment with Trama Dt due to the risk of serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants such as excess sleepiness, difficulty breastfeeding, and serious breathing problems, which may result in death.
Can I drink alcohol with Trama Dt?
It is not recommended to drink alcohol if you are taking a prescription-only painkiller such as Trama Dt. Doing so could increase side effects such as drowsiness.
Can I drive after taking Trama Dt?
You should avoid driving, operating machinery or other activities that require mental alertness until: the effects of the drug are known.
What happens if I take Trama Dt everyday?
Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. If too much of this medicine is taken for a long time, it may become habit-forming or cause an overdose.
How long after taking Trama Dt does it peak?
Fast-acting Trama Dt peaks in your system after 2 to 3 hours, and typically lasts around 6 hours. It's taken every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain. The extended-release version peaks at 10 to 12 hours, but generally provides lasting pain relief for up to 24 hours.
Can I take Trama Dt at bedtime?
Trama Dt should be started at a low dose and raise the dose slowly toward the maximum dose. Start with one tablet at bedtime.
Does Trama Dt make me last longer in bed?
Trama Dt may help men with premature ejaculation last longer during vaginal intercourse, according to a new study.
Who should not take Trama Dt?
You should not use Trama Dt if have severe asthma or breathing or lung problems, a bowel blockage or narrowing, or an allergy to Trama Dt.
Why does Trama Dt give me energy?
Trama Dt gives some people a boost in mood and energy level is because it affects the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain.
Can Trama Dt change my personality?
If your loved one is abusing Trama Dt, you are likely to see changes in his or her personality.Trama Dt use can cloud the mind and affect the part of the brain responsible for good judgement and logical thinking.
Can Trama Dt make me crazy?
Serotonin syndrome most commonly occurs in patients who take Trama Dt and antidepressants at the same time. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome include: Confusion, Agitation.
Will Trama Dt hurt my liver?
Trama Dt overdose can cause acute liver failure.
What happen If I missed Trama Dt?
If your doctor has told you to take Trama Dt regularly, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.