Triiodomethane

Triiodomethane Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Triiodomethane is an organoiodine compound with the formula CHI3 and a tetrahedral molecular geometry. It is a relatively water-insoluble yellow solid that is chemically reactive in free-radical reactions . Due to its antimicrobial properties following topical administration, minimal levels of iodoform may be found in disinfectants and it is more primarily used for veterinary purposes. Triiodomethane has also been found in dental paste and root canal filling materials in combination with other intracanal medications due to its radiopacity . Since the beginning of the 20th century, iodoform has been commonly used as a healing and antiseptic dressing or powder for wounds and sores, however such clinical use to this date is limited. Triiodomethane is soluble in fatty acids and decomposes releasing iodine in nascent state (96,7% of iodine) when in contact with secretions or endodontic infections .

Triiodomethane exhibits antibacterial activities after topical application. In a comparative study of wound dressing agents, iodoform gauze exerted an antibacterial effect 3 hours after the start of bacterial growth of E. coli and subsequently maintained the strong antibacterial effectiveness . A study demonstrated that direct and indirect exposure to high concentrations of iodoform induces a cytotoxic effect on cultures of macrophages and epithelial cells in vitro, while cell proliferation was enhanced at low concentrations of iodoform . This cytotoxic effect of iodoform in root canals may further lead to long-term local irritation to follicles of permanent successors and formation of cyst-like radiolucent defects .

Triiodomethane
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Triiodomethane
Generic	Iodoform
Iodoform Other Names	carbon triiodide, Iodoform, Jodoform, methyl triiodide, triiodomethane
Type
Formula	CHI₃
Weight	Average: 393.732 Monoisotopic: 393.72124
Protein binding	No pharmacokinetic data available.
Groups	Approved, Experimental, Vet approved
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

No approved therapeutic indications.

How Triiodomethane works

While the mechanism of action of iodoform remains unclear, it is proposed that iodoform releases iodine, which denatures bacterial proteins by oxidation of the free iodine . Triiodomethane may also play a role in chemical debridement for effective necrotic wound healing and tissue damage repair via collagen fibrinolysis; upon treatment in necrotic tissue, iodoform reduced the size of the macromolecules containing collagen I in wound surface proteins . In human gingival fibroblasts in vitro, high concentrations of iodoform was shown to decrease the viability of macrophages and epithelial cells and reduced the secretion of P. gingivalis-induced TNFα . P. gingivalis is an anaerobic bacteria present in anaerobic oral niches including periapical sites and periodontal pockets .

Toxicity

Oral LD50, dermal LD50, and inhalation LC50 in rat are 355 mg/kg, 1184 mg/kg, and 165 ppm/7h, respectively . Fatal dose of iodoform in humans is estimated to be 2 g . Systemic intoxication and severe poisoning, mostly characterized by dermatitis, headache, somnolence, delirium, hallucinations, consciousness disturbances, coma, vomiting, CNS depression, tachycardia, and rapid feeble pulse, may result from excess absorption through wounds and abscesses, or ingestion of large quantities . While there is no known antidote for iodoform overdose, supportive and symptomatic treatment is highly recommended .

Hepatocellular damage has been observed with iodoform toxicity, where production of both fatty liver and necrosis was seen, as well as lesions of liver membranous cellular components . Triiodomethane induces hepatocellular injury and hepatic lesions in a similar manner to carbon tetrachloride, where cellular membranes may possibly be primary sites of action .