Visia

Visia Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Cetyl alcohol, also known as 1-hexadecanol or n-hexadecyl alcohol, is a 16-C fatty alcohol with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)15OH. It can be produced from the reduction of palmitic acid. Cetyl alcohol is present in a waxy white powder or flake form at room temperature, and is insoluble in water and soluble in alcohols and oils . Discovered by Chevrenl in 1913, cetyl alcohol is one of the oldest known long-chain alcohol . It may be contained in cosmetic and personal care products such as shampoos, creams and lotions. Mainly it is used as an opacifier, emulsifier, and thickening agent that alter the thickness of the liquid, and increase and stabilize the foaming capacity. Due to its water-binding property, cetyl alcohol is commonly used as an emollient that prevents drying and chapping of the skin . According to the FDA Code of Federal Regulations, cetyl alcohol is a safe synthetic fatty acid in food and in the synthesis of food components under the condition that it contain not less than 98 percent of total alcohols and not less than 94 percent of straight chain alcohols . Cetyl alcohol is also listed in the OTC ingredient list as a skin protectant for skin irritations caused by poison ivy, oak, sumac, and insect bites or stings . Cetyl alcohol is reported to be a mild skin or eye irritant.

Cetyl alcohol exhibits skin protect properties against skin irritations caused by bites, rashes and stings. The inhibitory action of cetyl alcohol against the growth of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycopiasma pneumoniae has been reported .

Glycerin is a hyperosmotic laxative, given rectally, which usually produces a bowel movement within 15 minutes to 1 hour. Hyperosmotic laxatives encourage bowel movements by drawing water into the bowel from surrounding tissues. This produces a softer stool mass and increased bowel action. These products are used for fast, predictable relief of occasional constipation.

Glycerin is commonly classified as an osmotic laxative but may act additionally or alternatively through its local irritant effects; it may also have lubricating and fecal softening actions. Glycerin suppositories usually work within 15 to 30 minutes.

Squalene is originally obtained from shark liver oil. It is a natural 30-carbon isoprenoid compound and intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of cholesterol. It is not susceptible to lipid peroxidation and provides skin protection. It is ubiquitously distributed in human tissues where it is transported in serum generally in association with very low density lipoproteins. Squalene is investigated as an adjunctive cancer therapy.

Visia
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Visia
Generic	Aloe Vera Extract + Cetyl Alcohol + Glycerin + Liquid Paraffin + Squalene + Tocopherol [vit E]
Type	Lotion
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer	E Derma Pharma India
Available Country	India
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

No therapeutic indications in medicinal products. Indicated to be used as an indirect additive in food contact substances, or an ingredient in commercial or cosmetic products.

For the relief of occasional constipation

Visia is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Dry, itchy skinCold Sore, Constipation, Dry Mouth, Dry Skin, Dry throat, Edema of the cerebrum, Hypertension Intracranial, Occasional Constipation, Ocular Discomfort, Ocular Hypertension, Ocular Irritation, Skin Infections, Sore Throat, Mouth soreness, Ocular burning, Bowel preparation therapy, Topical Antisepsis, Skin protectionMild Joint Pain

How Visia works

Cetyl alcohol has hydrating properties that makes it a suitable emulsifier and stabilizer in pharmaceutical formulations. It is also present in washable ointment base due to its dispersant abilities and stabilizing properties . Potential antimicrobial activity of cetyl alcohol may be due to a change in cell membrane permeability that either blocks absorption of essential nutrients and induction of outward diffusion vital cellular components . This proposed mechanism of action is thought to be similar for other long-chain aliphatic alcohols with same antimicrobial activity, such as myristyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol .

When administered rectally, glycerin exerts a hygroscopic and/or local irritant action, drawing water from the tissues into the feces and reflexively stimulating evacuation. Glycerin decreases intraocular pressure by creating an osmotic gradient between the blood and intraocular fluid, causing fluid to move out of the aqueous and vitreous humors into the bloodstream.

Dosage

Visia dosage

Children under 2 years: Consult a physician.

Children (2 to 6 years): only 1 Glycerin 1.15 suppository per 24 hours or as directed by a physician.

Adults and Children (From 6 years): only 1 Glycerin 2.30 suppository per 24 hours or as directed by a physician

Insert suppository well up into rectum. Suppository need to melt completely to produce laxative action.

Side Effects

Glycerin when used rectally may cause rectal discomfort or a burning sensation

Toxicity

Acute oral LD50 in mouse is 3200 mg/kg and acute dermal LD50 is >2600 mg/kg in rabbit . It is considered to be slightly toxic in humans in case of oral ingestion at doses of 5 g/kg and greater . In a rat study, the effects of toxicity were mainly in the central nervous system (CNS) leading to CNS depression and difficulty in respiration after 7-14 days post-administration via stomach tube . In a subchronic dermal toxicity study of rabbits, topical application of 11.5 % cetyl alcohol was associated with histological findings of keratosis, hyperkeratosis, and papillary projections of the epidermis, all of which are features of exfoliative dermatitis . However it is concluded that there is no evidence of major skin irritation and systemic toxicity of cetyl alcohol. Inhalation of 26 ppm cetyl alcohol vapors in animals caused slight irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory passages . Cetyl Alcohol was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium LT2 mutant strains in the spot test .

Glycerol has very low toxicity when ingested ; Rat LD50 (oral)-12600mg/kg Mice LD50 (oral )-4090mg/kg Human TDLo (oral) - 1428mg/kg

Volume of Distribution

Glycerin is distributed throughout the blood. Although glycerin generally does not appear in ocular fluids, it may enter the orbital sac when the eye is inflamed, with a consequent decrease in osmotic effect.

Elimination Route

Following ingestion at a dose level of 2.0 g/kg in rats, cetyl alcohol was partly absorbed . Administration of 0.2 mg cetyl alcohol in rat by stomach tube indicated good absorption as 63-96 % of radiolabeled cetyl alcohol was detected in the lymph . About 15% of total cetyl alcohol was unchanged during its passage through the mucosal cells of the small intestine but mostly underwent oxidation to palmitic acid . The extent of absorption was reported to be 26% in poultry .

Well absorbed orally, poorly absorbed rectally. Studies in humans and animals indicate glycerol is rapidly absorbed in the intestine and the stomach

Half Life

30 - 45 minutes

Elimination Route

Following ingestion at a dose level of 2.0 g/kg in rats, about 20% of the dose was recovered as unchanged molecule in the feces . This may be due to the interconvertibility of fatty acids and alcohols, resulting in the conversion of palmitic acid to cetyl alcohol during its passage through the intestinal mucosal cells into the intestinal lumen . In rats, cetyl Alcohol was also excreted in the urine as conjugated glucuronic acid and as expired carbon dioxide .

Approx 7-14% of dose is excreted unchanged in the urine within 2.5 hr.