Xevirol
Xevirol Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Xevirol, a proliferation signal inhibitor, prevents allograft rejection in rodent and nonhuman primate models of allotransplantation. It exerts its immunosuppressive effect by inhibiting the proliferation and thus, clonal expansion, of antigen-activated T cells which is driven by T cell-specific interleukins eg, interleukin-2 and interleukin-15. Xevirol inhibits an intracellular signaling pathway that normally leads to cell proliferation when triggered by the binding of these T cell growth factors to their receptors. The blockage of this signal by everolimus causes cells to be arrested at the G1 stage of the cell cycle.
At the molecular level, everolimus forms a complex with the cytoplasmic protein FKBP-12. In the presence of everolimus, the growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of the p70 S6 kinase is inhibited. Since p70 S6 kinase phosphorylation is under the control of FRAP (also called m-TOR), this finding suggests that the everolimus-FKBP-12 complex binds to and thus, interferes with the function of FRAP. FRAP is a key regulatory protein which governs cell metabolism, growth and proliferation; disabling FRAP function thus explains the cell cycle arrest caused by everolimus.
Trade Name | Xevirol |
Availability | Prescription only |
Generic | Everolimus |
Everolimus Other Names | Everolimus, évérolimus |
Related Drugs | Arimidex, Ibrance, Femara, Aromasin, Faslodex, Verzenio, Afinitor, tacrolimus, azathioprine, cyclosporine |
Weight | 5mg, 10mg |
Type | Tablet |
Formula | C53H83NO14 |
Weight | Average: 958.24 Monoisotopic: 957.581356357 |
Protein binding | ~ 74% in both healthy patients and those with moderate hepatic impairment. |
Groups | Approved |
Therapeutic Class | Immunosuppressant |
Manufacturer | Beacon Pharmaceuticals Ltd |
Available Country | Bangladesh |
Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Xevirol is used for advanced Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer (Advanced HR+ BC), Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors (NET); Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC); Renal Angiomyolipoma With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC); Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma (SEGA) With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC)
In combination with ciclosporin for microemulsion & corticosteroids for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in adult patients at low to moderate immunological risk receiving an allogeneic renal or cardiac transplant. In combination with tacrolimus & corticosteroids for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients receiving hepatic transplant.
Xevirol is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Heart Transplant Rejection, Kidney Transplant Rejection, Liver Transplant Rejection, Renal angiomyolipoma, tuberous sclerosis complex, Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, tuberous sclerosis complex, Advanced Carcinoid tumor, Locally advanced gastrointestinal origin Progressive Neuroendocrine Tumors, Locally advanced lung origin Progressive Neuroendocrine Tumors, Metastatic gastrointestinal origin Progressive Neuroendocrine Tumors, Metastatic lung origin Progressive Neuroendocrine Tumors, Pancreatic origin Progressive Neuroendocrine Tumors, Refractory Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma, Refractory Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia, Refractory, advanced Breast cancer, Unresectable gastrointestinal origin Progressive Neuroendocrine Tumors, Unresectable lung origin Progressive Neuroendocrine Tumors
How Xevirol works
Xevirol is a mTOR inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the FK506 binding protein-12 (FKBP-12), thereby forming a drug complex that inhibits the activation of mTOR. This inhibition reduces the activity of effectors downstream, which leads to a blockage in the progression of cells from G1 into S phase, and subsequently inducing cell growth arrest and apoptosis. Xevirol also inhibits the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor, leading to a decrease in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. The result of everolimus inhibition of mTOR is a reduction in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and glucose uptake.
Dosage
Xevirol dosage
General kidney & heart transplant population: Initially 0.75 mg bd administered as soon as possible after transplantation.
Hepatic transplant: 1 mg bd with initial dose starting 4 wk after transplantation.
Advanced Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer, Advanced NET, Advanced RCC, And Renal Angiomyolipoma With TSC: The recommended dose is 10 mg, to be taken once daily at the same time every day. Administer either consistently with food or consistently without food. Xevirol Tablets should be swallowed whole with a glass of water. Do not break or crush tablets. Continue treatment until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs.
Side Effects
Stomatitis, Constipation, Infections, Asthenia, Fatigue, Cough, Diarrhea, Rash, Anemia, Nausea, Anorexia, Edema, peripheral, Dyspnea, Pyrexia, Vomiting, Headache, Epistaxis, Decreased lymphocytes, Grade 3, Increased glucose, Grade 3, Pneumonitis, Pruritus, Dry skin, Decreased Hgb, Grade 3, Menstrual irregularities, Dysgeusia, Hypertension, Hemorrhage, Tachycardia, CHF
Toxicity
IC50 of 0.63 nM.
Precaution
Patients taking concomitant ACE inhibitor therapy may be at increased risk for angioedema. Interstitial lung disease/noninfectious pneumonitis; monitor for clinical symptoms or radiological changes; fatal cases have occurred; manage by dose reduction or discontinuation until symptoms resolve, and consider use of corticosteroids; pulmonary hypertension (including pulmonary arterial hypertension) as a secondary event reported
Elicits immunosuppressive effects and may increase risk for infections; some infections have been severe or fatal; monitor for signs and symptoms and treat promptly. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, some with a fatal outcome, reported; this may be associated with concomitant use of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents
Mouth ulcers, stomatitis, and oral mucositis are common; management includes mouthwashes (without alcohol or peroxide) and topical treatments May delay wound healing and increase wound-related complications (eg, dehiscence, wound infection, incisional hernia, lymphocele, and seroma)
- Cases of renal failure (including acute renal failure), some fatal, have been observed
- May cause angioedema and fluid accumulation
- Decreases Hgb, lymphocytes, ANC, platelets; increases cholesterol, TG, glucose, creatinine
- Elevations of serum creatinine, urinary protein, blood glucose, and lipids may occur;
- decreases in hemoglobin, neutrophils, and platelets may also occur; monitor renal
- function, blood glucose, lipids, and hematologic parameters prior to treatment and periodically thereafter
- May impair male fertility
- Child-Pugh Class C hepatic impairment
- Avoid use of live vaccines during treatment and close contact with live vaccine recipients
- Can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman; advise female patients of reproductive potential to use highly effective contraception while receiving everolimus and for up to 8 weeks after ending treatment.
Interaction
CYP3A4 inhibitors &/or inducers, CYP2D6 substrates with narrow therapeutic index, PgP inhibitors, rifampicin, ACE inhibitors, grapefruit juice & live vaccines.
Food Interaction
- Avoid grapefruit products. Grapefruit inhibits the metabolism of everolimus through the CYP3A4 pathway and, therefore, may increase serum levels of everolimus.
- Avoid St. John's Wort. Coadministration of St. John's Wort with everolimus may reduce serum levels of everolimus by inducing CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (PGP).
- Take at the same time every day.
- Take with a full glass of water.
- Take with or without food. Take consistently with regard to food as food may reduce the AUC and Cmax of everolimus.
[Moderate] GENERALLY AVOID: Grapefruit juice may significantly increase the plasma concentrations of orally administered everolimus.
The mechanism is inhibition of CYP450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein activity in the gut wall by certain compounds present in grapefruit.
MANAGEMENT: Patients treated with everolimus should avoid consumption of grapefruit and grapefruit juice.
Xevirol Cholesterol interaction
[Moderate] Elevations in cholesterol and triglyceride levels have been reported in patients taking inhibitors of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin).
Monitoring of fasting lipid profile is recommended prior to the start of therapy and periodically thereafter.
Clinicians should achieve control of lipid levels before initiating therapy with these agents.
Xevirol Drug Interaction
Unknown: aspirin, aspirin, lorazepam, amoxicillin / clavulanate, sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim, diphenhydramine, loratadine, loperamide, ferrous sulfate, levetiracetam, atorvastatin, pregabalin, metoprolol, mycophenolic acid, acetaminophen, pantoprazole, acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, ondansetron
Xevirol Disease Interaction
Major: liver disease, vaccination, renal diseaseModerate: hematologic abnormalities, blood glucose, cholesterol, Infections, wound complication
Volume of Distribution
The blood-to-plasma ratio of everolimus is 17% to 73%.
Elimination Route
In patients with advanced solid tumors, peak everolimus concentrations are reached 1 to 2 hours after administration of oral doses ranging from 5 mg to 70 mg. Following single doses, Cmax is dose-proportional between 5 mg and 10 mg. At doses of 20 mg and higher, the increase in Cmax is less than dose-proportional, however AUC shows dose-proportionality over the 5 mg to 70 mg dose range. Steady-state was achieved within 2 weeks following once-daily dosing. Dose Proportionality in Patients with SEGA (subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas) and TSC (tuberous sclerosis complex): In patients with SEGA and TSC, everolimus Cmin was approximately dose-proportional within the dose range from 1.35 mg/m2 to 14.4 mg/m2.
Half Life
~30 hours.
Clearance
Following a 3 mg radiolabeled dose of everolimus, 80% of the radioactivity was recovered from the feces, while 5% was excreted in the urine.
Elimination Route
After a single dose of radiolabeled everolimus was given to transplant patients receiving cyclosporine, the majority (80%) of radioactivity was recovered from the feces and only a minor amount (5%) was excreted in urine.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy Category D. There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
Lactation: Distribution into breast milk is unknown; not recommended
Contraindication
Patients with hypersensitivity to the active substance, to other rapamycin derivatives, or to any of the excipients. Hypersensitivity reactions manifested by symptoms including, but not limited to, anaphylaxis, dyspnea, flushing, chest pain, or angioedema (e.g., swelling of the airways or tongue, with or without respiratory impairment) have been observed with everolimus and other rapamycin derivatives
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Xevirol
Xevirol contains Everolimus see full prescribing information from innovator Xevirol Monograph, Xevirol MSDS, Xevirol FDA label