Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

The precise mechanism(s) by which zonisamide exerts its antiseizure effect is unknown. Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg demonstrated anticonvulsant activity in several experimental models. In animals, zonisamide was effective against tonic extension seizures induced by maximal electroshock but ineffective against clonic seizures induced by subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol. Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg raised the threshold for generalized seizures in the kindled rat model and reduced the duration of cortical focal seizures induced by electrical stimulation of the visual cortex in cats. Furthermore, zonisamide suppressed both interictal spikes and the secondarily generalized seizures produced by cortical application of tungstic acid gel in rats or by cortical freezing in cats. The relevance of these models to human epilepsy is unknown.Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg may produce these effects through action at sodium and calcium channels. In vitro pharmacological studies suggest that zonisamide blocks sodium channels and reduces voltagedependent, transient inward currents (T-type Ca2+ currents), consequently stabilizing neuronal membranes and suppressing neuronal hypersynchronization. In vitro binding studies have demonstrated that zonisamide binds to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor ionophore complex in an allosteric fashion which does not produce changes in chloride flux. Other in vitro studies have demonstrated that zonisamide (10–30 μg/mL) suppresses synaptically-driven electrical activity without affecting postsynaptic GABA or glutamate responses (cultured mouse spinal cord neurons) or neuronal or glial uptake of [3H]-GABA (rat hippocampal slices). Thus, zonisamide does not appear to potentiate the synaptic activity of GABA. In vivo microdialysis studies demonstrated that zonisamide facilitates both dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission.Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. The contribution of this pharmacological action to the therapeutic effects of zonisamide is unknown. However, as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, zonisamide may cause metabolic acidosis

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg is a sulfonamide and therefore unrelated to other seizure medications. The mechanism is not know but it may block sodium and calcium channels. Blocking of these channels may prevent neuronal hypersynchronization. Sonisamide has also been found to potentiate dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission but does not appear to potentiate syanptic activity by GABA (gamma amino butyric acid).

Trade Name Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg
Availability Prescription only
Generic Zonisamide
Zonisamide Other Names Zonisamida, Zonisamide, Zonisamidum
Related Drugs diazepam, topiramate, levetiracetam, Keppra, Topamax, Valium
Weight 50 mg
Type Dispersible Tablet
Formula C8H8N2O3S
Weight Average: 212.226
Monoisotopic: 212.025562822
Protein binding

40% (at concentrations of 1.0-7.0 µg/mL)

Groups Approved, Investigational
Therapeutic Class Adjunct anti-epileptic drugs
Manufacturer Beacon Pharmaceuticals PLC
Available Country Bangladesh
Last Updated: October 19, 2023 at 6:27 am
Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg
Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg

Uses

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg is used for adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy.

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Partial-Onset Seizures

How Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg works

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg binds to sodium channels and voltage sensitive calcium channels, which suppresses neuronal depolarization and hypersynchronization. Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg also inhibits carbonic anhydrase to a weaker extent, but such an effect is not thought to contribute substantially to the drug's anticonvulsant activity.

Dosage

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg dosage

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mgis recommended as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial seizures in adults. Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients below the age of 16 have not been established. Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg should be administered once or twice daily, using 25 mg or 100 mg capsules. Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg is given orally and can be taken with or without food. Capsules should be swallowed whole.Adults Over Age 16: The prescriber should be aware that, because of the long half-life of zonisamide, up to two weeks may be required to achieve steady state levels upon reaching a stable dose or following dosage adjustment. Although the regimen described below is one that has been shown to be tolerated, the prescriber may wish to prolong the duration of treatment at the lower doses in order to fully assess the effects of zonisamide at steady state, noting that many of the side effects of zonisamide are more frequent at doses of 300 mg per day and above. Although there is some evidence of greater response at doses above 100-200 mg/day, the increase appears small and formal dose-response studies have not been conducted.The initial dose of Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg should be 100 mg daily. After two weeks, the dose may be increased to 200 mg/day for at least two weeks. It can be increased to 300 mg/day and 400 mg/day, with the dose stable for at least two weeks to achieve steady state at each level. Evidence from controlled trials suggests that Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg doses of 100-600 mg/day are effective, but there is no suggestion of increasing response above 400 mg/day. There is little experience with doses greater than 600 mg/day.

Side Effects

The most common adverse reactions with Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg (an incidence at least 4% greater than placebo) in controlled clinical trials and shown in descending order of frequency were somnolence, anorexia, dizziness, ataxia, agitation/irritability, and difficulty with memory and/or concentration.In controlled clinical trials, 12% of patients receiving Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg as adjunctive therapy discontinued due to an adverse reaction compared to 6% receiving placebo. Approximately 21% of the 1,336 patients with epilepsy who received Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg in clinical studies discontinued treatment because of an adverse reaction. The most common adverse reactions leading to discontinuation were somnolence, fatigue and/or ataxia (6%), anorexia (3%), difficulty concentrating (2%), difficulty with memory, mental slowing, nausea/vomiting (2%), and weight loss (1%). Many of these adverse reactions were doserelated

Toxicity

Symptoms of overdose include diminished breathing, loss of consciousness, low blood pressure, and slow heartbeat.

Precaution

Somnolence is commonly reported, especially at higher doses of Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg. Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg is metabolized by the liver and eliminated by the kidneys; caution should therefore be exercised when administering Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg to patients with hepatic and renal dysfunction

Food Interaction

  • Avoid alcohol. Ingesting alcohol may increase drowsiness and dizziness.
  • Take with or without food.

[Moderate] GENERALLY AVOID: Alcohol may potentiate some of the pharmacologic effects of CNS-active agents.

Use in combination may result in additive central nervous system depression and
MANAGEMENT: Patients receiving CNS-active agents should be warned of this interaction and advised to avoid or limit consumption of alcohol.

Ambulatory patients should be counseled to avoid hazardous activities requiring complete mental alertness and motor coordination until they know how these agents affect them, and to notify their physician if they experience excessive or prolonged CNS effects that interfere with their normal activities.

Volume of Distribution

  • 1.45 L/kg

Elimination Route

The absorption is rapid with a time to peak concentration of 2.8-3.9 hours. Food has not effect on bioavailability.

Half Life

63 hours

Clearance

  • 0.30 - 0.35 mL/min/kg [patients not receiving enzyme-inducing antiepilepsy drugs (AEDs)]
  • 0.35 - 0.5 mL/min/kg [Concomitant administration of phenytoin and carbamazepine]

Elimination Route

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg is excreted primarily in urine as parent drug and as the glucuronide of a metabolite.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg may cause serious adverse fetal effects, based on clinical and nonclinical data. Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg was teratogenic in multiple animal species.Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg treatment causes metabolic acidosis in humans. The effect of zonisamide-induced metabolic acidosis has not been studied in pregnancy; however, metabolic acidosis in pregnancy (due to other causes) may be associated with decreased fetal growth, decreased fetal oxygenation, and fetal death, and may affect the fetus's ability to tolerate labor. Pregnant patients should be monitored for metabolic acidosis and treated as in the non-pregnant state. Newborns of mothers treated with zonisamide should be monitored for metabolic acidosis because of transfer of zonisamide to the fetus and possible occurrence of transient metabolic acidosis following birth. Transient metabolic acidosis has been reported in neonates born to mothers treated during pregnancy with a different carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.

Contraindication

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg is contraindicated in patients who have demonstrated hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or zonisamide.

Special Warning

Patients With Renal Or Hepatic Disease: Because zonisamide is metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys, patients with renal or hepatic disease should be treated with caution, and might require slower titration and more frequent monitoringPediatric Use: The safety and effectiveness of Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg in children under age 16 have not been established. Cases of oligohidrosis and hyperpyrexia have been reported. Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg commonly causes metabolic acidosis in pediatric patients. Chronic untreated metabolic acidosis in pediatric patients may cause nephrolithiasis and/or nephrocalcinosis, osteoporosis and/or osteomalacia (potentially resulting in rickets), and may reduce growth rates. A reduction in growth rate may eventually decrease the maximal height achieved. The effect of zonisamide on growth and bonerelated sequelae has not been systematically investigated.Geriatric Use: Single dose pharmacokinetic parameters are similar in elderly and young healthy volunteers. Clinical studies of zonisamide did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

Acute Overdose

Human Experience: Experience with Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg daily doses over 800 mg/day is limited. During Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg clinical development, three patients ingested unknown amounts of Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg as suicide attempts, and all three were hospitalized with CNS symptoms. One patient became comatose and developed bradycardia, hypotension, and respiratory depression; the zonisamide plasma level was 100.1 μg/mL measured 31 hours post-ingestion. Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg plasma levels fell with a half-life of 57 hours, and the patient became alert five days later.Management: No specific antidotes for Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg overdosage are available. Following a suspected recent overdose, emesis should be induced or gastriclavage performed with the usual precautions to protect the airway. General supportive care is indicated, including frequent monitoring of vital signs and close observation.Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg has a long half-life. Due to the low protein binding of zonisamide (40%), renal dialysis may be effective. The effectiveness of renal dialysis as a treatment of overdose has not been formally studied. A poison control center should be contacted for information on the management of Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg overdosage.

FAQ

What is the Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg used for?

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg is used in combination with other medications to treat certain types of seizures.

What are side effects of Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg?

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:

  • nausea,
  • vomiting,
  • weight loss,
  • changes in taste,
  • diarrhea,
  • constipation,
  • heartburn,
  • dry mouth,
  • headache,
  • dizziness,
  • confusion,
  • irritability,
  • difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep,
  • difficulty with memory,
  • pain, burning, numbness, or tingling in the hands or feet,
  • uncontrollable eye movements,
  • double vision,

Is Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg used for anxiety?

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg may effectively augment response to anxiolytic medications in patients with treatment refractory anxiety.

Is Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg safe during pregnancy?

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg may harm an unborn baby.Use effective birth control to prevent pregnancy, and tell your doctor if you become pregnant.

Is Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg safe during breastfeeding?

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg is careful monitoring in exclusively breastfed infants.You should not breastfeed while using Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg.

Can I drink alcohol with Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg?

Alcohol can increase the nervous system side effects of Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg such as dizziness, drowsiness, and difficulty concentrating.You should avoid or limit the use of alcohol while being treated with Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg.

Can I take Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg for a long time?

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg may cause metabolic acidosis .Metabolic acidosis that is left untreated for a long time may increase the risk that other medical problems, including kidney stones and bone problems that may lead to fractures, will develop.

Is Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg bad for liver?

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg may cause serious allergic reactions called drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) or multiorgan hypersensitivity, which may damage the liver, kidney, blood, heart, or muscles.

Is Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg a mood stabilizer?

Prevents seizures and stabilizes mood.Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg is used with other medicines to help control partial seizures.It can't be used by itself.

Can Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg be used to treat migraines?

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg is effective and well tolerated for migraine prevention in patients refractory to topiramate. With the exception of the inhibition of T-type calcium channels by Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg, its mechanisms of action seem to be very similar to topiramate's.

Can Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg be abused?

The abuse and dependence potential of Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg has not been evaluated in human studies. In a series of animal studies,Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg did not demonstrate abuse liability and dependence potential.

When should I take Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg?

There is not a specific time of the day that you have to take Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg. However, it may be safer to take this medication in the evening time if you experience dizziness or sleepiness while on Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg.

How long does it take for Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg to work?

The Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg should begin working within 1-2 days.

What happens when I stop taking Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg?

Do not stop using Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg suddenly, even if you feel fine. Stopping suddenly may cause increased seizures.

Can Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg cause vision problems?

Taking Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg can cause permanent vision loss.

Will Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg make my weight gain?

No patients in the Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg group experienced significant weight gain.

Can Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg cause hyponatremia?

There were no cases of hyponatremia with Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg.

Can Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg be used alone?

Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg can be used alone or in combination with phenobarbital and/or potassium bromide.

Can I overdose on Xonimide ODT Dispersible Tablet 50 mg?

Overdose symptoms may include slow heart rate, feeling light-headed, fainting, and slow or shallow breathing.

*** Taking medicines without doctor's advice can cause long-term problems.
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