Zakotax
Zakotax Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Zakotax is an antineoplastic agent which acts by promoting the assembly of tubulin into stable microtubules and inhibits their disassembly which leads to a marked decrease of free tubulin. The binding of docetaxel to microtubules does not alter the number of protofilaments.
Zakotax has been shown in vitro to disrupt the microtubular network in cells which is essential for vital mitotic and interphase cellular functions.
Zakotax was found to be cytotoxic in vitro against various murine and human tumour cell lines and against freshly excised human tumour cells in clonogenic assays. Zakotax achieves high intracellular concentrations with a long cell residence time. In addition, docetaxel was found to be active on some but not all cell lines over expressing the p-glycoprotein which is encoded by the multidrug resistance gene. In vivo, docetaxel is schedule-independent and has a broad spectrum of experimental antitumour activity against advanced murine and human grafted tumours.
Zakotax is a taxoid antineoplastic agent. It promotes the assembly of microtubules from tubulin dimers and stabilizes microtubules by preventing depolymerization. This stability results in the inhibition of the normal dynamic reorganization of the microtubule network that is essential for vital interphase and mitotic cellular functions. In addition, docetaxel induces abnormal arrays or "bundles" of microtubules throughout the cell cycle and multiple asters of microtubules during mitosis.
Trade Name | Zakotax |
Availability | Prescription only |
Generic | Docetaxel |
Docetaxel Other Names | Docetaxel |
Related Drugs | Opdivo, methotrexate, estradiol, Premarin, Keytruda, Arimidex, pembrolizumab, cisplatin, Tagrisso, Avastin |
Type | |
Formula | C43H53NO14 |
Weight | Average: 807.8792 Monoisotopic: 807.346605409 |
Protein binding | In vitro studies show that 94% protein bound, mainly to a1-acid glycoprotein, albumin, and lipoproteins. When measured in cancer patients, docetaxel is 97% bound to plasma protein. Dexamethasone does not affect the protein binding of docetaxel. |
Groups | Approved, Investigational |
Therapeutic Class | Cytotoxic Chemotherapy |
Manufacturer | |
Available Country | Greece |
Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
![Zakotax Zakotax](https://www.medicinesfaq.com/media/png/zakotax.png)
Uses
Zakotax is used for Breast, Non-Small Cell Lung, Gastric and Head and Neck Cancers, Prostate Cancer, Breast Cancer, Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), Prostate Cancer, Gastric Adenocarcinoma, Head and Neck Cancer, Induction Treatment of Inoperable, Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (SCCHN), Ovarian Cance,
Zakotax is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Esophageal Cancers, Ewing's Sarcoma, Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (LABC), Metastatic Bladder Cancer, Metastatic Breast Cancer, Metastatic Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer, Node Positive Breast Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Metastatic, Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC), Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS), Advanced untreated gastric adenocarcinoma, Locally advanced Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, Locally advanced untreated non small cell lung cancer, Metastatic Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, Metastatic untreated non small cell lung cancer, Refractory, locally advanced Non small cell lung cancer, Refractory, metastatic Non small cell lung cancer
How Zakotax works
Zakotax interferes with the normal function of microtubule growth. Whereas drugs like colchicine cause the depolymerization of microtubules in vivo, docetaxel arrests their function by having the opposite effect; it hyper-stabilizes their structure. This destroys the cell's ability to use its cytoskeleton in a flexible manner. Specifically, docetaxel binds to the β-subunit of tubulin. Tubulin is the "building block" of microtubules, and the binding of docetaxel locks these building blocks in place. The resulting microtubule/docetaxel complex does not have the ability to disassemble. This adversely affects cell function because the shortening and lengthening of microtubules (termed dynamic instability) is necessary for their function as a transportation highway for the cell. Chromosomes, for example, rely upon this property of microtubules during mitosis. Further research has indicated that docetaxel induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) in cancer cells by binding to an apoptosis stopping protein called Bcl-2 (B-cell leukemia 2) and thus arresting its function.
Dosage
Zakotax dosage
Breast, non-small cell lung, gastric, head & neck cancers: Premedication consisting of an oral corticosteroid eg dexamethasone 16 mg/day (8 mg twice daily) for 3 days starting 1 day prior to docetaxel administration.
Prostate cancer: Given the concurrent use of prednisone or prednisolone, the recommended premedication regimen: Oral dexamethasone 8 mg 12 hr, 3 hr & 1 hr before docetaxel infusion. Administered as 1-hr infusion every 3 wk.
Breast cancer:
- In the adjuvant treatment of operable node +ve: 75 mg/m2 administered 1 hr after doxorubicin 50 mg/m2& cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 every 3 wk for 6 cycles.
- For the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer: 100 mg/m2 in monotherapy.
- In the 1st-line treatment combination therapy: 75 mg/m2 with doxorubicin (50 mg/m2).
- In combination with trastuzumab: 100 mg/m2 every 3 wk, administered wkly.
- In combination with capecitabine: 75 mg/m2 every 3 wk, combined with capecitabine at 1250 mg/m2 twice daily (within 30 min after a meal) for 2 wk followed by a 1-wk rest period.
Non-small cell lung cancer:
- In chemotherapy-naive patients treated for non-small cell lung cancer: 75 mg/m2 immediately followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m2 over 30-60 min.
- For treatment after failure of prior platinum-based chemotherapy: 75 mg/m2 as a single agent.
Prostate cancer: 75 mg/m2. Prednisone or prednisolone 5 mg orally twice daily is administered continuously
Gastric adenocarcinoma: 75 mg/m2 as 1-hr infusion, followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m2, as 1-3-hr infusion (both on day 1 only), followed by 5-fluorouracil 750 mg/m2/day given as 24-hr continuous infusion for 5 days, starting at the end of the cisplatin infusion.
Head & neck cancer: For the induction treatment of inoperable locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head & neck: 75 mg/m2 as 1-hr infusion followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m2 over 1 hr on day 1, followed by 5-fluorouracil as a continuous infusion at 750 mg/m2 per day for 5 days. Administered every 3 wk for 4 cycles. Following chemotherapy, patients should receive radiotherapy.
Ovarian cancer: 75-100 mg/m2 administered as 1-hr infusion every 3 wk.
Side Effects
Neutropenia, anaemia, alopecia, nausea, asthenia, hypersensitivity, anorexia, neurologic effects, neuropathy, dizziness, dyspnoea, epitaxis, GI effects, skin & cutaneous reactions, myalgia, fluid retention, pain, lacrimation increased, conjunctivitis, lymphoedema, pharyngolaryngeal pain, oedema peripheral, fatigue, vasodilation, amenorrhoea, pyrexia, lethargy, fever, arrhythmia, hypotension, dehydration.
Toxicity
Oral LD50 in rat is >2000 mg/kg. Anticipated complications of overdosage include: bone marrow suppression, peripheral neurotoxicity, and mucositis. In two reports of overdose, one patient received 150 mg/m2 and the other received 200 mg/m2 as 1-hour infusions. Both patients experienced severe neutropenia, mild asthenia, cutaneous reactions, and mild paresthesia, and recovered without incident.
Precaution
Monitor blood counts. Reduce dose in case of severe neutropenia (2 to 75 mg/m2, &/or from 75 mg/m2 to 60 mg/m2. Monitor patient for hypersensitivity, fluid retention, liver impairment, cardiac toxicity. Contraceptive measures must be taken by both men & women during treatment & for men at least 6 mth after cessation of therapy. Elderly.
Interaction
CYP P450-3A inhibitor eg, ciclosporine, terfenadine, ketoconazole, erythromycin & troleandomycin. Increased clearance of carboplatin. Potent CYP3A4 inhibitors eg, protease inhibitors eg, ritonavir, azole antifungals eg, ketoconazole or itraconazole.
Food Interaction
- Avoid grapefruit products. Grapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 metabolism, which may increase the serum levels of docetaxel.
- Exercise caution with St. John's Wort. This herb induces CYP3A4 metabolism, which may reduce the serum concentration of docetaxel.
[Major] GENERALLY AVOID: Coadministration with inhibitors of CYP450 3A4, such as grapefruit juice, may significantly increase the plasma concentrations of docetaxel, which is a substrate of the isoenzyme.
Current data suggest that consumption of large quantities of grapefruit juice inhibit both intestinal and hepatic CYP450 3A4 due to certain compounds present in grapefruit.
In a pharmacokinetic study consisting of 7 cancer patients, mean dose-normalized docetaxel systemic exposure (AUC) increased by 2.2-fold and clearance decreased by 49% when intravenous docetaxel was given at a reduced dosage of 10 mg In addition, a case report of a 52-year-old woman with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving a twice weekly chemotherapy regimen including intravenous docetaxel (40 mg In the absence of other CYP450 3A4 inhibitors, these effects were attributed to daily consumption of 250 mL of grapefruit juice, which the patient had been consuming for at least 3 months. Two weeks after the patient ceased the grapefruit juice, the docetaxel AUC was closer to the target value and the neutrophil count reduction was less than 35%. If concomitant use is required, a reduced dosage of docetaxel should be considered, particularly if used with large amounts of grapefruit juice, and therapeutic drug monitoring of docetaxel considered per local treatment protocols. Patients should be closely monitored for the development of docetaxel toxicity such as myelosuppression, stomatitis, neurotoxicity (e.g., paraesthesia, dysesthesia, pain), myalgia, asthenia, fluid retention, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
MANAGEMENT: The use of docetaxel in combination with grapefruit and grapefruit juice should generally be avoided.
Zakotax Drug Interaction
Moderate: pegfilgrastim, pegfilgrastim, denosumab, denosumabMinor: dexamethasone, dexamethasoneUnknown: aspirin, aspirin, trastuzumab, trastuzumab, leuprolide, leuprolide, metoprolol, metoprolol, acetaminophen, acetaminophen, cyanocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, cholecalciferol, cholecalciferol
Zakotax Disease Interaction
Major: infections, edema, eye disorder, hepatic dysfunction, myelosuppressionModerate: alcoholism, paresthesia
Volume of Distribution
The initial rapid decline represents distribution to the peripheral compartments and the late (terminal) phase is due, in part, to a relatively slow efflux of docetaxel from the peripheral compartment. * 113 L
Elimination Route
The pharmacokinetic profile is consistent with a three-compartment model. The area under the curve (AUC) was dose proportional following doses of 70 mg/m2 to 115 mg/m2 with infusion times of 1 to 2 hours.
Half Life
Dose-dependent. Doses of 70 mg per square meter of body surface area (mg/m 2 ) or higher produce a triphasic elimination profile. With lower doses, assay limitations precluded detection of the terminal elimination phase. The half-life of the alpha, beta, and gamma phase are 4 minutes, 36 minutes, and 11.1 hours, respectively.
Clearance
- 21 L/h/m2 [Total body clearance, cancer patients after IV administration of 20–115 mg/m2]
Elimination Route
Zakotax was eliminated in both the urine and feces following oxidative metabolism of the tert-butyl ester group, but fecal excretion was the main elimination route. Within 7 days, urinary and fecal excretion accounted for approximately 6% and 75% of the administered radioactivity, respectively.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Category D: There is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk (e.g., if the drug is needed in a life-threatening situation or for a serious disease for which safer drugs cannot be used or are ineffective).
Contraindication
Severe hypersensitivity to docetaxel. Neutrophil count of <1500 cell/mm3. Severe liver impairment. Pregnancy & lactation.
Acute Overdose
There were a few reports of overdosage. There is no known antidote for docetaxel overdose. In case of overdose, the patient should be kept in a specialised unit and vital functions closely monitored. In case of overdosage, exacerbation of adverse events may be expected. The primary anticipated complications of overdosage would consist of bone marrow suppression, peripheral neurotoxicity and mucositis. Patients should receive therapeutic G-CSF as soon as possible after discovery of overdose. Other appropriate symptomatic measures should be taken, as needed.
Storage Condition
Do not store above 25°C. Protect from light.Shelf-Life:
- 20 mg/mL: 2 years.
- 80 mg/4 mL: 3 years.
Infusion Solution: The infusion solution should be used within 6 hrs at room temperature (below 25°C).
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Zakotax
Zakotax contains Docetaxel see full prescribing information from innovator Zakotax Monograph, Zakotax MSDS, Zakotax FDA label
FAQ
What is Zakotax used for?
Zakotax is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes breast cancer, head and neck cancer, stomach cancer, prostate cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. It may be used by itself or along with other chemotherapy medication.
How safe is Zakotax?
Weekly Zakotax is safe, with reasonable antitumor activity in patients with advanced-stage, recurrent, or refractory AIDS-related KS.
How does Zakotax work?
Zakotax works by disrupting the microtubular network in cells, which is essential for cell division and other normal cellular functions.
What are the common side effects of Zakotax?
Common side effects of Zakotax are include:
- Black, tarry stools.
- blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin.
- blood in the urine or stools.
- burning, tingling, numbness, or pain in the hands, arms, feet, or legs.
- decrease in the amount of urine.
- difficulty in swallowing.
- difficulty moving.
- dry eyes.
Is Zakotax safe during pregnancy?
There are no controlled data in human pregnancy.
Is Zakotax safe during breastfeeding?
According to some authorities use is contraindicated.
Can I drink alcohol with Zakotax?
Zakotax contains alcohol and may cause a drunken feeling when the medicine is injected into your vein. Avoid drinking alcohol on the day of your Zakotax injection.
Can I drive after taking Zakotax ?
Do not drive or do anything else that could be dangerous until you know how this medicine affects you.
How often can I take Zakotax?
Zakotax is normally given once every three weeks, over about one hour.
How effective is Zakotax?
Doses of 100 mg/m2 of Zakotax, administered over 1 hour every 3 weeks, produced an overall response rate of 50% (range, 41% to 58%) in 129 evaluable patients, with a median duration of 6 months (range, 2 to 17 months).
How long does Zakotax stay in your system?
The chemotherapy itself will remain in the body within 2 -3 days of treatment, but patients may experience short-term and long-term side effects.
How long can I take Zakotax?
You usually have a course of several cycles of treatment over a few months. Each cycle of Zakotax usually takes 21 days (3 weeks).
Who should not take Zakotax?
Zakotax must not be used in patients who have previously had an allergic reaction to it or to other medications containing polysorbate 80.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Call your doctor for instructions if you miss an appointment for your Zakotax injection, or if you miss a dose of your steroid medication.
Can I overdose on Zakotax?
Zakotax overdose occurs when a patient has a severe toxic reaction to certain chemotherapy drugs, or in some cases, is unintentionally given an excessive dose. Both possibilities are extremely rare. Symptoms include slowed or even stopped heart rate and breathing, and decreased level of consciousness.
Can Zakotax affects my heart ?
Damage to the heart or heart failure which may cause shortness of breath, swelling of ankles, cough or tiredness.
Can Zakotax affect my kidneys?
Zakotax causes renal dysfunction by damaging the blood vessels or structures of the kidneys.
Does Zakotax cause liver damage?
Patients with abnormal liver function are at increased risk of severe skin toxicity.
Will Zakotax affect my fertility?
Zakotax can stop your ovaries from working. This causes infertility, which can be temporary or permanent. It can also bring on the menopause.
How does Zakotax make me feel?
People having Zakotax may have pain, numbness or tingling in their hands and feet. This is due to the effect of docetaxel on the nerves and is known as peripheral neuropathy.
Does Zakotax cause weight gain?
Zakotax can causes weight gain.