Zaplon
Zaplon Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Zaplon, a pyrazolopyrimidine, is a sedative and hypnotic agent structurally unrelated to the benzodiazepines and other sedative-hypnotic agents. It is shown to interact with GABA subtype A complex by binding selectively to benzodiazepine type 1 receptor. It reduces sleep latency without affecting sleep duration.
Zaplon is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic from the pyrazolopyrimidine class and is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia. While Zaplon is a hypnotic agent with a chemical structure unrelated to benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or other drugs with known hypnotic properties, it interacts with the gamma-aminobutyric acid-benzodiazepine (GABABZ) receptor complex. Subunit modulation of the GABABZ receptor chloride channel macromolecular complex is hypothesized to be responsible for some of the pharmacological properties of benzodiazepines, which include sedative, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsive effects in animal models. Zaplon also binds selectively to the CNS GABAA-receptor chloride ionophore complex at benzodiazepine(BZ) omega-1 (BZ1, ο1) receptors.
Trade Name | Zaplon |
Availability | Prescription only |
Generic | Zaleplon |
Zaleplon Other Names | Zaleplon |
Related Drugs | amitriptyline, lorazepam, melatonin, zolpidem, diphenhydramine, Ativan |
Type | Capsule |
Formula | C17H15N5O |
Weight | Average: 305.3339 Monoisotopic: 305.127660127 |
Protein binding | Approximately 60% (in vitro plasma protein binding). |
Groups | Approved, Illicit, Investigational |
Therapeutic Class | Benzodiazepine hypnotics, Benzodiazepine sedatives |
Manufacturer | Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Aurobindo Pharma Ltd |
Available Country | India |
Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Zaplon is used for the short-term treatment of insomnia. Zaplon has been shown to decrease the time to sleep onset for up to 30 days in controlled clinical trials.
Zaplon is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Insomnia
How Zaplon works
Zaplon exerts its action through subunit modulation of the GABABZ receptor chloride channel macromolecular complex. Zaplon also binds selectively to the brain omega-1 receptor located on the alpha subunit of the GABA-A/chloride ion channel receptor complex and potentiates t-butyl-bicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) binding.
Dosage
Zaplon dosage
The dose of Zaplon should be individualized. The recommended dose of Zaplon for most non elderly adults is 10 mg. For certain low weight individuals, 5 mg may be a sufficient dose. Although the risk of certain adverse events associated with the use of Zaplon appears to be dose dependent, the 20 mg dose has been shown to be adequately tolerated and may be considered for occasional patient who does not benefit from a trial of lower dose. Dosage above 20 mg has not been adequately evaluated and is not recommended.Zaplon should be taken immediately before bedtime. Taking Zaplon with or immediately after a heavy, high fat meal results in slower absorption and would be expected to reduce the effect of Zaplon on sleep latency. Elderly patients and debilitated patients appear to be more sensitive to the effects of hypnotic, and respond to 5 mg of Zaplon. The recommended dose for these patients is therefore 5 mg, doses over 10 mg are not recommended. For patients with mild to moderate renal impairment no dose adjustment is necessary.An initial dose of 5 mg should be given to patients concomitantly taking Cimetidine because ZalZaplon clearance is reduced in this population.
Side Effects
Side effects of Zaplon appear to be dose related. So, it is important to use the lowest possible effective dose, specially in the elderly. The side effects are usually mild and transient, the most common are diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, headache, asthenia, nightmare etc.
Toxicity
Side effects include abdominal pain, amnesia, dizziness, drowsiness, eye pain, headache, memory loss, menstrual pain, nausea, sleepiness, tingling, weakness
Precaution
Timing of drug administration: Zaplon should be taken immediately before bedtime or after the patient has gone to bed.Use in the elderly and/or debilitated patients: Impaired motor and/or cognitive performance after repeated exposure or unusual sensitivity to sedative/hypnotic drugs is a concern in the treatment of elderly and/or debilitated patients. A dose of 5 mg is recommended for elderly patients to decrease the possibility of side effects. Elderly and/or debilitated patients should be monitored closely.Use in patients with concomitant illness: Zaplon should be used with caution in patients with diseases or conditions that could affect metabolism or haemodynamic responses. Although preliminary studies did not reveal respiratory depressant effects at hypnotic doses of Zaplon in normal subjects, caution should be observed if Zaplon is prescribed to patients with compromised respiratory function, because sedative/hypnotic have the capacity to depress respiratory drive. However, patients with compromised respiration due to preexisting illness should be monitored carefully. The dose of Zaplon should be reduced to 5 mg in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment. It is not recommended for use in patients with severe hepatic impairment.Renal impairment patients: No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment. Zaplon has not been adequately studied in patients with severe renal impairment.Use in patients with depression: As with other sedative or hypnotic drugs, Zaplon should be administered with caution to patients exhibiting signs or symptoms of depression
Interaction
Zaplon has been shown to have minimal effects on the kinetic of Warfarin, Imipramine, Ethanol, Ibuprofen, Diphenhydramine, Thioridazine, and Digoxin.
Food Interaction
- Avoid alcohol. Ingesting alcohol may increase the CNS depressant effects of zaleplon.
- Do not take with or immediately after a high-fat meal. The effects of zaleplon are reduced when taken with a high-fat meal.
[Moderate] GENERALLY AVOID: Alcohol may potentiate some of the pharmacologic effects of zaleplon.
Use in combination may result in additive central nervous system depression and
ADJUST DOSING INTERVAL: Administration of zaleplon with a high-fat or heavy meal may delay the onset of hypnotic effects.
In healthy adult subjects, administration of zaleplon with a high-fat meal resulted in a 2-hour delay in the time to reach peak plasma drug concentration (Tmax) and a 35% reduction in the peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax) compared to fasting.
Zaplon systemic exposure (AUC) and elimination half-life were not significantly affected.
MANAGEMENT: Patients receiving zaleplon should be advised to avoid the consumption of alcohol.
For faster sleep onset, zaleplon should not be administered with or immediately after a high-fat or heavy meal.
Zaplon Drug Interaction
Moderate: aripiprazole, duloxetine, escitalopram, eszopiclone, pregabalin, alprazolam, cetirizineUnknown: amphetamine / dextroamphetamine, zolpidem, ubiquinone, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, metoprolol, esomeprazole, albuterol, montelukast, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol, lisdexamfetamine
Zaplon Disease Interaction
Major: alcohol intox, depression, drug dependence, liver diseaseModerate: glaucoma, liver disease, resp depression, renal dysfunction
Volume of Distribution
- 1.4 L/kg
Elimination Route
Absorption Zaplon is rapidly and almost completely absorbed following oral administration.
Half Life
Approximately 1 hour
Clearance
- 1 L/h/kg
Elimination Route
Zaplon is metabolized primarily by the liver and undergoes significant presystemic metabolism. After oral administration, zaleplon is extensively metabolized, with less than 1% of the dose excreted unchanged in urine. Renal excretion of unchanged zaleplon accounts for less than 1% of the administered dose.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy: There are no studies of Zaplon in pregnant women; therefore, it is not recommended for use in women during pregnancy. Zaplon has no established use in labour and delivery.Lactation: A study in lactating mothers indicated that the clearance and half-life of Zaplon is similar to that in young normal subjects. A small amount of Zaplon is excreted in breast milk, with the highest excreted amount occurring during a feeding at approximately 1 hour after Zaplon administration. Since the small amount of the drug from breast milk may result in potentially important concentrations in infants, and because the effects of Zaplon on a nursing infant are not known, it is not recommended in nursing mothers.
Contraindication
Zaplon is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of its components.
Special Warning
Special Patient Group: Patients on cimetidine should receive initial dose of 5 mg at bedtime.Hepatic Impairment:
- Mild to moderate: 5 mg at bedtime.
- Severe: Contraindicated.
Paediatric use
: The safety and effectiveness of Zaplon in paediatric patients have not been established.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Zaplon
Zaplon contains Zaleplon see full prescribing information from innovator Zaplon Monograph, Zaplon MSDS, Zaplon FDA label
FAQ
What is Zaplon used for?
Zaplon is used on a short-term basis to treat insomnia (difficulty falling asleep).Zaplon does not help you to stay asleep longer or decrease the number of times that you awaken during the night. .
What type of the Zaplon?
Zaplon is in a class of medications called hypnotics. It works by slowing activity in the brain to allow sleep.
What are the side effect of Zaplon?
Zaplon may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:
- drowsiness
- dizziness
- lightheadedness
- lack of coordination
- numbness, burning, or tingling in the hands or feet
- headache
- loss of appetite
- vision problems
- eye pain
- sensitivity to noise
- distorted sense of smell
- painful menstrual periods
Can I take Zaplon every night?
You should take Zaplon every night since Zaplon is taken only at bedtime, you will not be on a frequent dosing schedule.
Can I drink alcohol while taking Zaplon?
You should avoid the use of alcohol while being treated with Zaplon. Alcohol can increase the nervous system side effects of Zaplon such as dizziness and drowsiness.
Is Zaplon safe during pregnancy?
Zaplon is not recommended for pregnant women unless the doctor believes the benefits outweigh the potential risks.
is Zaplon safe during breastfeeding?
If a doctor or health visitor says that your baby is healthy, it's safe to take Zaplon while breastfeeding. Zaplon passes into breast milk in very small amounts.
Can I drive after taking Zaplon?
FDA approves new label changes and dosing for Zaplon products and a recommendation to avoid driving the day after using Ambien CR.
Does Zaplon make me tired ?
You may still feel sleepy the morning after taking the medication.
Can I take take on empty stomach?
It is better to take this medicine on an empty stomach and only when you are ready for bed. Do not take your medicine more often than directed
How much Zaplon does it take to overdose?
Individuals have fully recovered from Zaplon overdoses of greater than 200 mg (10 times the maximum recommended dose of Zaplon).
How long does it take for Zaplon to work?
Zaplon takes about 20 to 30 minutes for them to start working.
Does Zaplon cause memory loss?
Dizziness, drowsiness, short-term memory loss, or lack of coordination may occur, especially during the first 2 hours after you take the medication.
Can I take Zaplon for a long time?
Do not take Zaplon for longer than 5 weeks without your doctor's advice.Zaplon is for short-term use only.