Zetamicin

Zetamicin Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Zetamicin is a semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of sisomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity. Zetamicin inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible organisms by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and interfering with mRNA binding and the acceptor tRNA site. The bactericidal effect of netilmiicin is not fully understood.

Zetamicin is a semisynthetic, water soluble antibiotic of the aminoglycoside group, produced by the fermentation of Micromonospora inyoensis, a species of actinomycete. Aminoglycosides are useful primarily in infections involving aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter. It is active at low concentrations against a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, bacteria of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia group, Citrobacter sp., Proteus sp. (indole-positive and indole-negative), including Proteus mirabilis, P. morganii, P. rettgrei, P. vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria gonorrhoea. Zetamicin is also active in vitro against isolates of Hemophilus influenzae, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp. and against penicillinase and non-penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus including methicillin-resistant strains. Some strains of Providencia sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Aeromonas sp. are also sensitive to netilmicin. Many strains of the above organisms which are found to be resistant to other aminoglycosides, such as kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin and sisomicin, are susceptible to netilmicin in vitro. Occasionally, strains have been identified which are resistant to amikacin but susceptible to netilmicin. The combination of netilmicin and penicillin G has a synergistic bactericidal effect against most strains of Streptococcus faecalis (enterococcus). The combined effect of netilmicin and carbenicillin or ticarcillin is synergistic for many strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, many isolates of Serratia, which are resistant to multiple antibiotics, are inhibited by synergistic combinations of netilmicin with carbenicillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, cefamandole, cefotaxime or moxalactam. Aminoglycosides are mostly ineffective against anaerobic bacteria, fungi and viruses.

Zetamicin
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Zetamicin
Availability	Discontinued
Generic	Netilmicin
Netilmicin Other Names	1-N-Ethylsisomicin, Netilmicin, Netilmycin
Related Drugs	amoxicillin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, metronidazole, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, Augmentin
Type
Formula	C₂₁H₄₁N₅O₇
Weight	Average: 475.587 Monoisotopic: 475.30059868
Protein binding	Protein-binding of is low and depends on the test conditions (mainly the concentration of cations in the test medium).
Groups	Approved, Investigational
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country	Italy
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Zetamicin is an aminoglycoside used to treat a wide variety of infections in the body.

For the treatment of bacteremia, septicaemia, respiratory tract infections, skin and soft-tissue infection, burns, wounds, and peri-operative infections caused by susceptible strains.

Zetamicin is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Biliary tract infection, Eye Infections, Gastrointestinal Infections, Kidney infection, Obstetric infection, Ocular Inflammation, Post Operative Eye inflammation, Pulmonary Infections, Septic, Surgical Site Infections, Urinary Tract Infection, Ocular bacterial infections

How Zetamicin works

Aminoglycosides like netilmicin "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Specifically netilmicin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth.

Toxicity

Zetamicin has nephrotoxic and ototoxic potential. Nephrotoxicity occurs via drug accumulation in renal proximal tubular cells resulting in cellular damage. Tubular cells may regenerate despite continued exposure and nephrotoxicity is usually mild and reversible. Zetamicin is less nephrotoxic than neomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin, likely due to a reduced number of cationic amino groups in its structure. Otoxicity occurs as a result of irreversible damage to hair cells of the cochlea and/or summit of the ampullar cristae in the vestibular complex caused drug accumulation in the endolymph and perilymph of the inner ear. Otoxicity appears to be correlated to total exposure and may be cumulative with further doses of aminoglycosides or other ototoxic drugs (e.g. cisplatin, furosemide). High frequency hearing loss is followed by low frequency hearing loss, which may be followed by retrograde degeneration of the auditory nerve. Vestibular toxicity may cause vertigo, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and loss of balance.

Food Interaction

No interactions found.

Zetamicin Drug Interaction

Moderate: aspirin, aspirinUnknown: charcoal, charcoal, Allergy , Allergy , clotrimazole, clotrimazole, sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim, ubiquinone, ubiquinone, metoprolol, metoprolol, acetaminophen, acetaminophen, valproic acid, valproic acid, phytonadione, phytonadione

Zetamicin Disease Interaction

Major: dehydration, neuromuscular blockade, ototoxicity, renal dysfunction

Elimination Route

Rapidly and completely absorbed after IM administration, peak serum levels were achieved within 30-60 minutes. Aminoglycosides are poorly absorbed orally. Topical absorption is also poor unless severe skin damage is present.