Zibot Forte

Uses

Calcium Pantothenate is used as a calcium supplement, dietary supplements, burning feet syndrome, greying hair, peripheral neuritis, muscular cramps.

Copper is a transition metal found in a variety of supplements and vitamins, including intravenous solutions for total parenteral nutrition (TPN).

For use in the supplementation of total parenteral nutrition and in contraception with intrauterine devices .

Zibot Forte is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Emergency Contraception, IUD, Trace Element Deficiency, Dietary supplementation

How Zibot Forte works

Copper is absorbed from the gut via high affinity copper uptake protein and likely through low affinity copper uptake protein and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-2 . It is believed that copper is reduced to the Cu1+ form prior to transport. Once inside the enterocyte, it is bound to copper transport protein ATOX1 which shuttles the ion to copper transporting ATPase-1 on the golgi membrane which take up copper into the golgi apparatus. Once copper has been secreted by enterocytes into the systemic circulation it remain largely bound by ceruloplasmin (65-90%), albumin (18%), and alpha 2-macroglobulin (12%).

Copper is an essential element in the body and is incorporated into many oxidase enzymes as a cofactor . It is also a component of zinc/copper super oxide dismutase, giving it an anti-oxidant role. Copper defiency occurs in Occipital Horn Syndrome and Menke's disease both of which are associated with impaired development of connective tissue due to the lack of copper to act as a cofactor in protein-lysine-6-oxidase. Menke's disease is also associated with progressive neurological impairment leading to death in infancy. The precise mechanisms of the effects of copper deficiency are vague due to the wide range of enzymes which use the ion as a cofactor.

Copper appears to reduce the viabilty and motility of spermatozoa . This reduces the likelihood of fertilization with a copper IUD, producing copper's contraceptive effect . The exact mechanism of copper's effect on sperm are unknown.

Dosage

Zibot Forte dosage

Slow intravenous or deep intramuscularas required or as directed by physician.

Side Effects

Mild gastrointestinal disturbances, bradicardia, arrythmia and irritation after IV injection

Toxicity

Copper toxicity is belevied to be due to fenton-type redox reactions occuring with high copper concentrations which produce damaging reactive oxygen species .

Precaution

Renal impairment, sarcoidosis, concurrent administration of thiazide diuretics may increase the risk of hypercalcaemia.

Interaction

There are no known drug interactions and none well documented.

Elimination Route

Copper absorption varies inversely with intake. Absorption range is 12-65%.

Elimination Route

Copper appears to be eliminated primarily through bile .

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

Pregnancy Category-C. Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks

Contraindication

Contraindicated in patients with hypercalcaemia, hypercalciuria.

Innovators Monograph

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