Zonovate
Zonovate Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Zonovate is a recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) with a truncated B-domain made from the sequence coding for 10 amino acids from the N-terminus and 11 amino acids from the C-terminus of the naturally occurring B-domain. Zonovate is produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells without addition of any human- or animal-derived materials. During secretion, some rFVIII molecules are cleaved at the C-terminal of the heavy chain (HC) at amino acid 720, and a monoclonal antibody binding C-terminal to this position is used in the purification process allowing isolation of the intact rFVIII. It was developped by Novo Nordisk and FDA approved in October 16, 2013.
After turoctocog alfa administration, it has been reported a significant improvement in hemostasis. This effect was observed by the amelioration on whole blood clotting time. In clinical trials, there were no reports of development of factor VIII inhibitors and even 90% of the ocurred bleeds were resolved with 1 or 2 infusions of turoctocog alfa. There are no reports of treatment failure. In vitro studies confirmed the ability of turoctocog alfa to improve clot formation and clot stability. All these studies prove that turoctocog alfa is fully functional and its activity is similar to the one showed by other recombinant factor VIII products.
| Trade Name | Zonovate |
| Generic | Turoctocog alfa |
| Turoctocog alfa Other Names | Turoctocog alfa |
| Type | |
| Formula | C7480H11379N1999O2194S68 |
| Weight | 166000.0 Da (Without post-translational modifications) |
| Protein binding | Because turoctocog alfa is a recombinant protein, there has been not enough studies of protein binding. |
| Groups | Approved, Investigational |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Zonovate is an antihemorrhagic agent used for the treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in patients of all ages with haemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency).
Zonovate is indicated for the treatment and prophylaxis of bleedings in patients presenting hemophilia A. The treatment with turoctocog alfa is related with its use to control bleeding episodes or as a perioperative management. Hemophilia A is a hereditary hemorrhagic disorder generated by the congenital deficit of the coagulation factor VIII. This disease is manifested as excessive spontaneous or trauma-driven bleeding. The coagulation factor VIII is a robust initiator of thrombin which is later required for the generation of fibrin to form a platelet plug and its gene is expressed in the X chromosome.
Zonovate is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Bleeding
How Zonovate works
The B domain is known to perform the function of restrict the expression of the endogenous coagulation factor VIII but it has no direct relationship to the function of this factor. In normal conditions during hemostasis, the coagulation factor VIII will be activated by specific thrombin cleavages producing A1, A2 and A3-C1-C2 fragments of activated factor VIII (Factor VIIIa) which will form a complex with the factor IXa and activate the factor X leading to a stable haemostatic plug. Turoctocog contains all function-related domains with a considerably easier intact expression of the protein in mammalian cells by truncating the B domain. This recombinant structure allows it to replace the missing factor VIII and restore hemostasis.
Toxicity
In preclinical safety studies, there was a change in reported systolic pressure after 2-weeks of multiple dosing. Thrombus formation, cardiovascular, neurological or respiratory effects are not expected to be a safety concern.
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Volume of Distribution
In pre-clinical studies, turoctocog distribution was studied based on a two model compartment and it resulted in 59 ml/kg in the central compartment and 13 ml/kg in the peripheral compartment. It also presented an inter-compartmental flow of 0.66 ml/hour kg.
Elimination Route
In pre-clinical studies, the absorption half-life was reported wot be 5.4 hours. The absorption profile varies depending on the age of the patient where the AUC is 9.92, 11.09 and 15.26 IU hour/ml for the age range of 0-6 years, 6-12 years and over 12 years old respectively. The Cmax according to the different age groups is 1, 1.07 and 1.226 IU/ml for the age range of 0-6 years, 6-12 years and over 12 years old respectively.
Half Life
In pre-clinical studies, turoctocog half-life was reported to be 16 hours. In knockout mice there are reports of half-life of 7-8 hours.
Clearance
In pre-clinical studies, turoctocog clearance was reported to be 6.5 ml/hour kg.
Elimination Route
After intravenous administration of turoctocog alfa, the time for complete elimination of the blood plasma is of 50-55 hours. Due to the fact that this drug is a 166 kDa, it is thought that it will be eliminated by tissue mechanisms such as receptor mediated endocytosis followed by catabolism rather than hepatic metabolism and renal excretion.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Zonovate
