zoxon
zoxon Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
zoxon is a sterile, semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotic for intravenous or intramuscular administration. The bactericidal activity of zoxon results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. zoxon has a high degree of stability in the presence of beta-lactamases both penicillinases and cephalosporinases of gram-negative and gram- positive bacteria.
zoxon is a cephalosporin/cephamycin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. zoxon has in vitro activity against gram-positive aerobic, gram-negative aerobic, and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of ceftriaxone results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through ceftriaxone binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). zoxon is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, and cephalosporinases and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. However, resistance to ceftriaxone usually occurs through beta-lactamase hydrolysis, altered PBPs, or reduced bacterial cell permeability. zoxon should not be mixed with or giving in the same IV line as diluents/products containing calcium as they may cause ceftriaxone to precipitate. zoxon use may also cause biliary sludge or gallbladder pseudolithiasis.
| Trade Name | zoxon |
| Availability | Prescription only |
| Generic | Ceftriaxone |
| Ceftriaxone Other Names | Ceftriaxona, Ceftriaxone, Ceftriaxonum, Rocephin |
| Related Drugs | amoxicillin, doxycycline, diclofenac ophthalmic, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, metronidazole, azithromycin, clindamycin, dexamethasone ophthalmic, levofloxacin |
| Type | |
| Formula | C18H18N8O7S3 |
| Weight | Average: 554.58 Monoisotopic: 554.04605704 |
| Protein binding | Ceftriaxone is 95% protein bound. |
| Groups | Approved |
| Therapeutic Class | Third generation Cephalosporins |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
zoxon is used for the treatment of the following infections when caused by susceptible organisms:
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens.
Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta-lactamase producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including beta-lactamase producing strains).
Skin and Skin Structure Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Viridans group streptococci, E. coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcus species.
Urinary Tract Infections (complicated and uncomplicated) caused by E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Uncomplicated Gonorrhea (cervical, urethral, pharyngial and rectal) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, including both penicillinase- and nonpenicillinase-producing strains, and pharyngeal gonorrhea caused by nonpenicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Bacterial Septicemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E. coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Bone and Joint Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter species.
Intra-abdominal Infections caused by E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium species, Peptostreptococcus species.
Meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae. zoxon has also been used successfully in a limited number of cases of meningitis and shunt infection caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis and E. coli.
Surgical Prophylaxis: The preoperative administration of a single 1 gm dose of zoxon may reduce the incidence of postoperative infections in patients undergoing surgical procedures classified as contaminated or potentially contaminated.
zoxon is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Arthritis gonococcal, Bacterial Endocarditis, Bacterial Infections, Bacterial Sepsis, Bacterial Sinusitis, Bone and Joint Infections, Brain abscess, Chancroid, Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Conjunctivitis gonococcal neonatal, Epididymitis, Epiglottitis, Gonococcal infection of pharynx, Gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease, Intra-Abdominal Infections, Lower respiratory tract infection bacterial, Lyme Neuroborreliosis, Meningitis, Bacterial, Ophthalmia neonatorum due to gonococcus, Postoperative Infections, Prosthetic Joint Infection, Salmonella Typhi Infection, Septic Arthritis, Shigellosis, Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Bacterial Infections, Syphilis, Vulvovaginitis gonococcal, Whipple Disease, Bacterial otitis media, Complicated Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections, Susceptible Bacterial Infections, Uncomplicated Gonorrhea, Uncomplicated Urinary tract infection bacterial
How zoxon works
zoxon works by inhibiting the mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall. The beta-lactam moiety of ceftriaxone binds to carboxypeptidases, endopeptidases, and transpeptidases in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. These enzymes are involved in cell-wall synthesis and cell division. Binding of ceftriaxone to these enzymes causes the enzyme to lose activity; therefore, the bacteria produce defective cell walls, causing cell death.
Dosage
zoxon dosage
Generally, zoxon should be taken once or equally devided twice a day for 4-14 days. zoxon therapy should be continued for at least 2 days after the sign and symptoms of infection have disappeared.
The usual duration of therapy is 4 to 14 days; in complicated infections longer therapy may be required. No dosage adjustment is required for patients with renal or hepatic impairment.
Use the solution immediately after reconstitution of powder.
Side Effects
Generally zoxon is well tolerated. However, few side effects including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness and fever may occur.
Toxicity
zoxon overdose may increase the risk of urolithiasis and subsequent post-renal acute renal failure (PARF). Other symptoms of overdose unavailable in the literature. However, they are likely similar to the adverse effects of the medication. If overdose of ceftriaxone occurs, treat with symptomatic and supportive treatment, as ceftriaxone levels will not be reduced by dialysis.
Precaution
zoxon should be administered with caution to individuals with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.
Interaction
May increase nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides. May diminish therapeutic effect of BCG, typhoid vaccine, Na picosulfate. May increase anticoagulant effect of vit K antagonists (e.g. warfarin). May increase serum level with probenecid.
Food Interaction
No interactions found.zoxon Drug Interaction
Moderate: furosemide, furosemideUnknown: aspirin, aspirin, amoxicillin / clavulanate, amoxicillin / clavulanate, albuterol / ipratropium, albuterol / ipratropium, lvp solution, lvp solution, insulin isophane, insulin isophane, acetaminophen, acetaminophen, cyanocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, cholecalciferol
zoxon Disease Interaction
Major: colitis, hyperbilirubinemiaModerate: gallbladder disease, pancreatitis, prothrombin time alterations, renal/liver disease, liver disease, seizure disorders
Volume of Distribution
The apparent volume of distribution of an intravenous or intramuscular dose in healthy patients is 5.78 to 13.5 L. The volume of distribution of an intravenous or intramuscular dose in septic patients is 6.48 to 35.2 L. zoxon has good enough CSF penetration to be used as an effective treatment of bacterial meningitis.
Elimination Route
zoxon is only given as an injection, either intramuscularly or intravenously. zoxon is less than 1% bioavailable if given orally.
Half Life
The elimination half-life of ceftriaxone is 5.8-8.7 hours. The half-life of ceftriaxone in the middle ear fluid has been estimated to be 25 hours.
Clearance
The plasma clearance of ceftriaxone in healthy adults receiving a 0.15-3g dose is 0.58 to 1.45 L/hour. The renal clearance of ceftriaxone is 0.32 to 0.73 L/hour. In intensive care unit patients, ceftriaxone's total drug clearance was 0.96L/h (0.55-1.28 L/h), and unbound drug clearance was 1.91 L/h (1.46-6.20 L/h).
Elimination Route
zoxon is primarily eliminated in the urine (33-67%). The remainder is eliminated through secretion in the bile and removed from the body via the feces.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy: The safety of zoxon in the treatment of infections during pregnancy has not been established. zoxon should only be used during pregnancy if the likely benefit outweighs the potential risk to the fetus and/or the mother.
Lactation: zoxon is excreted in breast milk at low concentrations. Therefore, caution should be exercised when zoxon is administered to a nursing mother.
Contraindication
zoxon should not be given to patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics. It is contraindicated in premature infants during the first 6 weeks of life. Its safety in human pregnancy has not been established. zoxon is contraindicated in neonates if they require (or are expected to require) treatment with calcium-containing IV solutions, including continuous calcium containing infusions such as parenteral nutrition because of the risk of precipitation of ceftriaxone-calcium.
Acute Overdose
There is no specific antidote. Treatment of over dosage should be symptomatic.
Storage Condition
Store below 25°C, protected from light & moisture. Use reconstituted solutions immediately.
Reconstituted solutions are stable for 6 hours at room temperature and for 24 hours at 2°-8°C. It should not be mixed in the same syringe with any drug other than 1% Lidocaine Hydrochloride injection BP (for IM injection only).
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here zoxon
zoxon contains Ceftriaxone see full prescribing information from innovator zoxon Monograph, zoxon MSDS, zoxon FDA label
FAQ
What is zoxon used for?
zoxon is used to treat certain kinds of bacterial infections. It will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections.zoxon is a cephalosporin antibiotic.
What are the common side effects of zoxon?
Common side effects of zoxon include:
- rash,
- diarrhea,
- nausea,
- vomiting,
- upset stomach,
- blood clots,
- dizziness,
- headache,
- pain or swelling in your tongue,
- a lump where the medicine was injected,
- sweating,
- vaginal itching or discharge,
- vaginal yeast infection,
- anemia,
- changes in taste, or
- flushing.
How safe is zoxon?
FDA alert states that generally, fatalities have been associated with simultaneous administration of zoxon and calcium-containing products.administration of the two products at different times and via different infusion lines has also been fatal.
Who should not take zoxon?
A type of blood disorder where the red blood cells burst called hemolytic anemia. Liver problems. disease of the gallbladder. Severe renal impairment.
Is zoxon safe during pregnancy?
What are the benefits of zoxon?
zoxon is used to treat many kinds of bacterial infections, including severe or life-threatening forms such as E. coli, pneumonia, or meningitis.zoxon is also used to prevent infection in people having certain types of surgery.
Is zoxon safe during breastfeeding?
zoxon is acceptable in nursing mothers.
Can I take zoxon without food?
Medications can interact with certain foods. In some cases, this may be harmful and your doctor may advise you to avoid certain foods. In the case of zoxon, there are no specific foods that you must exclude from your diet when receiving this medication.
Which foods should be avoided during treatment with zoxon?
Foods that must be avoided while on antibiotic treatment include grapefruit, foods rich in calcium.
Can I drink alcohol after taking zoxon?
It is best not to drink alcohol for up to 48 hours after the injection.
How many days should zoxon injection be taken?
It is sometimes given as a single dose and sometimes given once or twice a day for 4-14 days, depending on the type of infection being treated.
How long can I take zoxon?
zoxon is sometimes given for up to 14 days. Read and carefully follow any Instructions for Use provided with your medicine.
Can I drive after taking zoxon ?
zoxon can cause dizziness. If you feel dizzy, do not drive or use any tools or machines.
How does zoxon work in the body?
zoxon works by interfering with the formation of bacterial cell walls. zoxon impairs the bonds that hold the bacterial cell wall together, which allows holes to appear in the cell walls.
Where is zoxon injected?
zoxon is injected into a muscle or as an infusion into a vein (IV).
Can I take zoxon without food?
In some cases, this may be harmful and your doctor may advise you to avoid certain foods. In the case of zoxon, there are no specific foods that you must exclude from your diet when receiving this medication.
