Ocular hyperemia

What is Ocular Hyperemia?

Ocular hyperemia, also known as conjunctival hyperemia, is a condition characterized by swollen, irritated eyes caused by increased blood flow in the vessels of the sclera (the tough outer layer of the eye). It may be caused by several underlying conditions, such as bacterial or viral infections, allergies, excessive tearing, dry eyes, hormonal changes, or blunt trauma to the eye.

Signs and Symptoms of Ocular Hyperemia

The most common symptom of ocular hyperemia is red, irritated eyes. Other signs and symptoms may include: watery eyes, pain, itching, burning sensation, blurred vision, swollen eyelids, sensitivity to light, discharge from the eyes, and excessive tear production.

Causes of Ocular Hyperemia

Ocular hyperemia can be caused by numerous underlying factors. Some of the most common causes include:

Infection -- Bacterial or viral infections can cause ocular hyperemia.
Allergies -- Allergic responses to certain foods, medications, environmental factors, or items in contact with the eye can cause ocular hyperemia.
Tearing -- Excessive tearing can lead to ocular hyperemia.
Dry eyes -- Dehydrated eyes can cause swollen, irritated eyes.
Hormonal changes -- Changes in hormones can affect the eyes and can cause ocular hyperemia.
Trauma -- Blunt trauma to the eye can cause swelling and irritation.

Treatments for Ocular Hyperemia

Treatment for ocular hyperemia depends on the underlying cause. Treatment may include:

Avoiding allergens and irritants – For allergic reactions, avoiding the allergen or irritant may help to reduce the symptoms.
Artificial tears – Artificial tears may help to lubricate the eyes and reduce the irritation.
Eyewash – Eyewash can help flush out any particles or irritants that may be causing the ocular hyperemia.
Antibiotics – In cases of infection, antibiotics may be prescribed to help reduce the swelling and irritation.
Corticosteroids – Corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation in cases of ocular hyperemia caused by allergies or swelling.

Prevention of Ocular Hyperemia

In order to help prevent ocular hyperemia, there are a few steps you can take:

Avoid rubbing your eyes – This may increase irritation and flare up symptoms.
Wash your hands regularly – This helps reduce the chances of bacteria getting into the eyes.
Avoid allergens and irritants – Eliminate the allergens or irritants from your environment by avoiding them or using protective eye gear when necessary.
Use lubricating eye drops – Lubricating drops can help keep your eyes from becoming dry and irritated.