Protein Malnutrition
Overview of Protein Malnutrition
Protein malnutrition is a protein deficiency caused by a diet that lacks adequate protein. It can occur in both adults and children, with similar health risks, including weakened muscles, poor wound healing, weakened immunity, and poor brain development in children.
Protein malnutrition is also known as protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), as proteins are essential for providing energy to the body. In severe cases, protein malnutrition can be fatal.
Causes of Protein Malnutrition
A primary cause of protein malnutrition is an inadequate diet. People may not have access to enough protein-rich foods or may consume too many carbohydrates and fats that can fill up the stomach before the important proteins.
In addition to inadequate diets, other factors can influence protein malnutrition, including:
- Living in poverty
- Age-related changes in eating habits
- Certain digestive disorders or surgeries
- Certain intestinal or liver diseases
- Addictions to alcohol, drugs, or cigarettes
Signs and Symptoms of Protein Malnutrition
The signs and symptoms of protein malnutrition depend on the severity of protein deficiency. Common signs and symptoms may include:
- Fatigue and weakness
- Poor wound healing
- Recurrent infections
- Loss of muscle mass
- Loss of appetite
- Growth retardation in children
Treatment of Protein Malnutrition
The treatment of protein malnutrition depends on the cause and severity of the deficiency. The goal of treatment is to restore adequate amount of protein to the diet. This may include changes to dietary habits, supplements, and medications to improve digestion and absorption of nutrients.
If left untreated, protein malnutrition can cause severe health complications and even be fatal.