Recurrent Pericarditis
What is Recurrent Pericarditis?
Recurrent pericarditis is a chronic condition in which bouts of chest pain occur two or more times in a six-month period. It's caused by inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like structure that encloses the heart. The pain is usually located in the chest or upper abdomen and can be sharp or dull. Other symptoms, such as fatigue, fever, and shortness of breath may also occur. The condition is often treated with anti-inflammatory medications and, in some cases, surgery.
Causes of Recurrent Pericarditis
The exact cause of recurrent pericarditis is unknown, but it often occurs following a viral infection. Other potential causes include:
- Certain autoimmune diseases
- Injury to the heart or its surrounding tissues
- Underlying heart conditions such as ischemic heart disease
- Radiation therapy
- Certain medications, such as drugs used to treat cancer
Diagnosis
When diagnosing recurrent pericarditis, your doctor will start with a physical exam and ask questions about your medical history and symptoms. They may also order tests, such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, coronary angiography, or imaging scans. These tests can rule out other conditions and help to confirm a diagnosis of recurrent pericarditis and guide treatment.
Treatment
Treatments for recurrent pericarditis depend on the severity and frequency of the condition. Mild cases may only need pain relievers and lifestyle changes, such as avoiding strenuous activity and reducing stress levels. If the condition persists, medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or corticosteroids, may be prescribed. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to eliminate the recurrent episodes.
Outlook
For most people, recurrent pericarditis is treatable and manageable. Most episodes should last no more than two to three weeks. People with recurrent episodes should work with their doctor to develop a treatment plan that helps to reduce the severity and frequency of episodes.