5-Ureidohydantoin
5-Ureidohydantoin Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
5-Ureidohydantoin is a substance that is endogenous to the human body and also found as a normal component of human diets . In healthy human volunteers, the mean plasma concentration of allantoin is about 2-3 mg/l. During exercise, the plasma allantoin concentration rapidly increases about two fold and remains elevated . In human muscle, urate is oxidized to allantoin during such exercise . The concentration of allantoin in muscles increases from a resting value of about 5000 ug/kg to about 16000 ug/kg immediately after short-term exhaustive cycling exercise .
More specifically, allantoin is a diureide of glyoxylic acid that is produced from uric acid. It is a major metabolic intermediate in most organisms. 5-Ureidohydantoin is found in OTC cosmetic products and other commercial products such as oral hygiene products, in shampoos, lipsticks, anti-acne products, sun care products, and clarifying lotions . 5-Ureidohydantoin has also demonstrated to ameliorate the wound healing process in some studies .
There is no well controlled and appropriate data that can formally substantiate the pharmacodynamic properties of allantoin . Nevertheless, ongoing studies suggest that allantoin possesses moisturizing and keratolytic effects, as well as abilities to increase the water content of the extracellular matrix and enhance the desquamation of upper layers of dead skin cells, all of which are activities that can promote cell proliferation and facilitate wound healing .
| Trade Name | 5-Ureidohydantoin |
| Generic | Allantoin |
| Allantoin Other Names | 5-Ureidohydantoin, Alantoína, Allantoin, Glyoxyldiureide |
| Type | |
| Formula | C4H6N4O3 |
| Weight | Average: 158.1154 Monoisotopic: 158.043990078 |
| Groups | Approved |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
5-Ureidohydantoin is an ingredient used in skin care products to relieve irritation and protect minor cuts, scrapes, and burns.
5-Ureidohydantoin is commonly applied in a variety of topical vehicles or applications such as cosmetic creams, toothpastes, mouthwashes, shampoos, lipsticks, anti-acne products, and lotions for the purpose of moisturizing skin, enhancing the smoothness of skin, stimulating the healing of wounds, and soothing irritated skin .
5-Ureidohydantoin is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Scarring, Dental cleaning, Skin Lightening, Skin protection
How 5-Ureidohydantoin works
There is no well controlled data that can formally substantiate the method of action . However, ongoing studies suggest that there may exist a histological wound healing profile induced by allantoin in rats that leads to the amelioration and fastening of the reestablishment of normal skin . This facilitation of wound healing is supported by observations that wounds inflicted to rat subjects to which topical allantoin preparations were applied histologically demonstrated increased vasodilation, presence of inflammatory exudates, number of inflammatory cells, angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, and increased collagen deposition when compared to rat subjects with wounds that did not receive any allantoin administration .
Toxicity
No studies on repeated dose toxicity and reproductive toxicity have been submitted. Moreover, studies show that the tumor incidence in allantoin treated animals did not differ largely from that found in untreated controls. As a result, further or additional toxicity, mutagenicity, or carcinogenicity tests are not required in view of the endogenous nature of allantoin and the general lack of overall toxicity .
Finally, as allantoin is a normal component of the diet in humans and is a substance of endogenous origin present in the body of humans, it is generally recognized as being a safe substance for humans .
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Elimination Route
In studies on human subjects, a recovery of 19% and 34% of allantoin in the urine was observed but only in two individuals and only after the administration of massive doses of allantoin . After intravenous administration, recovery in the urine was practically quantitative with doses of 75 to 600 mgm in the human model . After 240 mgm, excretion continued for 72 hours in human subjects and the results were similar in regards to subcutaneous injection .
Half Life
When studied in cattle, sheep, and horses, the half-life of allantoin is in the range of 1 to 2.5 hours .
Clearance
Some studies suggest that the average renal clearance of allantoin in normal, healthy human subjects is approximately 123 cc per minute . It is generally agreed upon that exogenously administered allantoin is rapidly excreted .
Elimination Route
Urinary clearance is the predominant excretion route .
Innovators Monograph
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