Apo-Oxybutynin

Apo-Oxybutynin Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Apo-Oxybutynin exerts direct antispasmodic effect on the smooth muscle by inhibiting the muscarinic action of acetylcholine. It exhibits moderate anticholinergic effect, but has potent antispasmodic effects on urinary smooth muscle.

Apo-Oxybutynin exerts antispasmodic actions on the bladder, relieving the uncomfortable symptoms of overactive bladder, including urinary urgency and frequency. These actions occur through the inhibition of muscarinic receptors.

A note on angioedema and anticholinergic effects

Symptoms of angioedema may occur with oxybutynin therapy. If angioedema is suspected, discontinue oxybutynin immediately and provide appropriate medical treatment. In addition, anticholinergic effects may occur with the administration of this drug. Some symptoms may include hallucinations, confusion, agitation, and drowsiness. It is advisable to avoid operating heavy machinery before the response to oxybutynin has been monitored. Dose adjustments may be required.

Trade Name Apo-Oxybutynin
Availability Rx and/or OTC
Generic Oxybutynin
Oxybutynin Other Names Oxibutinina, Oxybutynin, Oxybutynine, Oxybutyninum
Related Drugs Myrbetriq, phenazopyridine, Pyridium, solifenacin, tolterodine, mirabegron, Ditropan, Detrol, Botox, VESIcare
Type
Formula C22H31NO3
Weight Average: 357.4864
Monoisotopic: 357.230393863
Protein binding

Oxybutynin enantiomers are more than 97% bound to plasma proteins, primarily to alpha-1 acid glycoprotein.

Groups Approved, Investigational
Therapeutic Class Anticholinergics (antimuscarinics)/ Anti-spasmodics
Manufacturer
Available Country Canada, United States
Last Updated: September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am
Apo-Oxybutynin
Apo-Oxybutynin

Uses

Apo-Oxybutynin Chloride is a muscarinic antagonist used for the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency. Apo-Oxybutynin Chloride Extended Release Tablets are also used for the treatment of pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with symptoms of detrusor overactivity associated with a neurological condition (e.g., spina bifida).

Apo-Oxybutynin is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Bladder Spasms, Detrusor Hyperreflexia, Urinary Bladder, Overactive

How Apo-Oxybutynin works

Apo-Oxybutynin acts to relax the bladder by inhibiting the muscarinic action of acetylcholine on smooth muscle, and not skeletal muscle. The active of oxybutynin is metabolite is N-desethyloxybutynin. It competitively inhibits the postganglionic type 1, 2 and 3 muscarinic receptors. The above actions lead to increased urine capacity in the bladder, decreasing urinary urgency and frequency. In addition, oxybutynin delays the initial desire to void.

Dosage

Apo-Oxybutynin dosage

The recommended starting dose of Uricon is 5 mg once daily, with or without food. Dosage may be adjusted in 5 mg increments to achieve a balance of efficacy and tolerability (up to a maximum of 30 mg/day). In general, dosage adjustment may proceed at approximately weekly intervals.

Side Effects

The incidence of dry mouth may occur which is dose-related. Abdominal pain, dry nasal and sinus mucous membranes, back pain, hypertension, palpitation, vasodilatation, flatulence, gastro-esophageal reflux, insomnia, nervousness, confusion, cough, sinusitis, bronchitis, dry skin, rash, impaired urination (hesitancy), urinary retention, etc. may be reported.

Toxicity

The acute oral LD50 in rats is 460 mg/kg.

Overdose information

An overdose with oxybutynin may manifest clinically as CNS overactivity, fever, palpitations, cardiac arrhythmias, urinary retention, respiratory failure, paralysis, in addition to coma. Provide supportive care immediately. Activated charcoal in addition to a cathartic agent should be administered. There have been 2 reports of an overdose with a 100 mg dose of oxybutynin. One case was a 13-year-old boy and another was a 34-year-old woman. Alcohol was also ingested simultaneously in both cases. The patients received supportive treatment and fully recovered.

Precaution

Apo-Oxybutynin Chloride should be used with caution in patients with hepatic or renal impairment, clinically significant bladder outflow obstruction because of the risk of urinary retention, gastrointestinal obstructive disorders because of the risk of gastric retention, conditions such as ulcerative colitis, intestinal atony, and myasthenia gravis, gastro-esophageal reflux and/or who are concurrently taking drugs (such as bisphosphonates) that can cause or exacerbate esophagitis.

Interaction

Anticholinergic agents, cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibitors, such as antimycotic agents (e.g., Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, and Miconazole) or macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin and clarithromycin), have not been performed. No specific drug-drug interaction studies have been performed with Apo-Oxybutynin.

Food Interaction

  • Avoid alcohol.
  • Take with or without food.

Apo-Oxybutynin Alcohol interaction

[Moderate] GENERALLY AVOID:

Use of anticholinergic agents with alcohol may result in sufficient impairment of attention so as to render driving and operating machinery more hazardous.

In addition, the potential for abuse may be increased with the combination.

The mechanism of interaction is not established but may involve additive depressant effects on the central nervous system.

No effect of oral propantheline or atropine on blood alcohol levels was observed in healthy volunteers when administered before ingestion of a standard ethanol load.

However, one study found impairment of attention in subjects given atropine 0.5 mg or glycopyrrolate 1 mg in combination with alcohol.

Alcohol should generally be avoided during therapy with anticholinergic agents.

Patients should be counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them.

Volume of Distribution

Apo-Oxybutynin has a wide volume of distribution of 193 L. In rats, oxybutynin penetrates the central nervous system.

Elimination Route

Apo-Oxybutynin should be swallowed whole with the help of liquids. A pharmacokinetic study revealed that oxybutynin was rapidly absorbed, and peak concentrations were reached within about 1 hour of administration, measured at 8.2 ngml-1 and AUC was 16 ngml-1. The biovailability of oxybutynin is about 6%, and the plasma concentration of the active metabolite, desethyloxybutynin is 5 to 12 times greater than that of oxybutynin. Bioavailability is increased in the elderly. Food has been shown to increase the exposure to controlled-release oxybutynin.

Half Life

The plasma elimination half-life is about 2 hours. In the elderly, the elimination half-life is prolonged up to 5 hours.

Elimination Route

Apo-Oxybutynin is heavily cleared by the liver. Under 0.1% of an administered dose is found as unchanged drug in the urine. Less than 0.1% of a single dose of oxybutynin is excreted as desethyloxybutynin.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

Apo-Oxybutynin Chloride should not be given to pregnant women unless, the probable clinical benefits outweigh the possible hazards, caution should be exercised when it is administered to a nursing woman.

Contraindication

Apo-Oxybutynin Chloride is contraindicated in patients with urinary retention, gastric retention, or uncontrolled narrow angle glaucoma and in patients who are at risk for these conditions. It is also contraindicated in patients who have demonstrated hypersensitivity to the drug substance or other components of the product.

Acute Overdose

Anticholinergic effects including CNS excitation (e.g. restlessness, tremor, irritability, convulsions, delirium, hallucinations), flushing, fever, dehydration, cardiac arrhythmia, vomiting, and urinary retention may occur after overdose. Treatment should be symptomatic and supportive. Activated charcoal may be administered.

Storage Condition

Store at 15-30° C

Innovators Monograph

You find simplified version here Apo-Oxybutynin

Apo-Oxybutynin contains Oxybutynin see full prescribing information from innovator Apo-Oxybutynin Monograph, Apo-Oxybutynin MSDS, Apo-Oxybutynin FDA label

http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0000000
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0002448
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0002279
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0002279
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0001670
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0002239
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0001238
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0000347
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0001137
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0004557
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0003940
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0004150
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0001831
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0003073
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:7856
http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0015195
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D00465
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C07360
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=4634
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46508005
https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4473.html
http://www.bindingdb.org/bind/chemsearch/marvin/MolStructure.jsp?monomerid=50165019
https://mor.nlm.nih.gov/RxNav/search?searchBy=RXCUI&searchTerm=32675
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=7856
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/CHEMBL1231
http://bidd.nus.edu.sg/group/cjttd/ZFTTDDRUG.asp?ID=DAP001128
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA164746030
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=359
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/ditropan.htm
https://www.drugs.com/oxybutynin.html
http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/rxdrugprofiles/drugs/dit1143.shtml
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxybutynin
*** Taking medicines without doctor's advice can cause long-term problems.
Share