Aqua Tears
Aqua Tears Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Polyvinyl alcohol is a water-soluble synthetic polymer obtained by polymerization of vinyl alcohol. It has varying roles in commercial and industrial applications such as papermaking, textiles, and printing. Polyvinyl alcohol is found in ophthalmic solutions as a lubricant to prevent irritation or to relieve dryness of the eyes .
Temporarily relieves burning and irritation due to dryness of the eye or from exposure to wind or sun.Lubricates the eyes and helps protect against further eye irritation/dryness .
Povidone-iodine is an iodophore with a powerful broad-spectrum germicidal activity against a wide range of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and spores. Microbicidal; oxidizes cell constituents; iodinates proteins and inactivates them.
Povidone iodine is a kind of iodine disinfectant which directly cause in vivo protein denaturation, precipitation of bacteria, and further resulting in the death of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, it is effective in disinfection and sterilization. It can kill viruses, bacteria, spores, fungi, and protozoa with low toxicity to human. Povidone-iodine aqueous solution has strong pharmacological activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, syphilis, hepatitis B virus, HIV, and Trichomonas vaginalis.Povidone iodine gel is a gynecological topical semi-mobile colloidal agent made by povidone iodine and hydrophilic matrix. It is a system for maintaining its sustained release. Owing to the continuous release of free iodine, it can enable the skin and mucous membranes to maintain a certain effective concentration of iodine for killing bacteria. It is mainly used for gynecological vaginal infection. It exerted its effect through being miscible with vaginal secretions and further killing the inside pathogenic microorganisms, and thus blocking the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and invasion, as well as treating other infected vaginal diseases caused by other kinds of bacteria.
Published reports on the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of iodophors demonstrate that iodophors are bactericidal, mycobactericidal, and virucidal but can require prolonged contact times to kill certain fungi and bacterial spores. Three brands of povidone-iodine solution have demonstrated more rapid kill (seconds to minutes) of S. aureus and M. chelonae at a 1:100 dilution than did the stock solution. The virucidal activity of 75–150 ppm available iodine was demonstrated against seven viruses. Other investigators have questioned the efficacy of iodophors against poliovirus in the presence of organic matter and rotavirus in distilled or tapwater. Manufacturers' data demonstrate that commercial iodophors are not sporicidal, but they are tuberculocidal, fungicidal, virucidal, and bactericidal at their recommended use-dilution.
| Trade Name | Aqua Tears |
| Generic | Povidone-iodine + Polyvinyl Alcohol |
| Weight | 6mg |
| Type | Eye Drops |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | Cipla Limited |
| Available Country | India |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Polyvinyl alcohol is a compound used as an ophthalmic lubricant.
For use as a lubricant to prevent further irritation or to relieve dryness of the eye(s) .
Abrasion, Bed sore, Burns, Cuts, Decubitus or stasis ulcers, Leg ulcers and pressure sores, Pre-operative and post-operative skin cleansing, Pre-operative scrubbing & washing, Pre-operative skin disinfection, Pressure sores, Skin infections, Vaginitis, Wound and burn dressing, Wound and ulcer cleansing, Wound cleansing, Wound infection, Wound sepsis, Wounds
Aqua Tears is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Dry Eyes, Eye lubricationSkin Infections, Skin disinfection, Irrigation of the ocular surface therapy, Prepping of the periocular region, Prophylaxis of bacterial skin infections
How Aqua Tears works
As a synthetic resin with hydrophilic properties, it increases the persistence of tear film and therefore lubricates and soothes dry/irritated eyes .
Povidone-iodine is called iodophore which means povidone acts as a carrier of iodine. Iodine is considered as the active moiety that mediates microbicidal actions. When released from the complex, free iodine (I2) penetrates the cell wall of microorganisms quickly, and the lethal effects are believed to result from disruption of protein and nucleic acid structure and synthesis. While the full mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, iodine is thought to inhibit vital bacterial cellular mechanisms and structures, and oxidizes nucleotides fatty or amino acids in bacterial cell membranes . Additionally, free iodine disrupts the function of the cytosolic enzymes involved in the respiratory chain, causing them to become denatured and deactivated . In vitro evidence suggests that iodine also counteracts inflammation elicited by both pathogens and the host response via multifactorial effects. In hosts, povidone-iodine was demonstrated to modulate the redox potential, inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and β-galactosidase, inhibit metalloproteinase production, and potentiate the healing signals from pro-inflammatory cytokines by activation of monocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, in vitro .
Dosage
Aqua Tears dosage
Pre-operative scrubbing & washing: Wet hands with water, then pour 5 ml of solution onto the palm and spread over both the hands, rub the scrub over the entire area for about 2 mintues, add water to develope copious suds, rinse throughly under running water.
Pre- and post-operative skin cleansing: After the skin is shaved and wet with water, apply surgical scrub & rub throughly for minimum 2 mintues, rinse of with the sterile gauze saturated with water.
Side Effects
Local skin irritation and sensitivity. Application to large areas of denuded skin may produce systemic effects due to iodine absorption.The application of povidone iodine to large wounds or severe burns may producesystemic adverse effectssuch as metabolic acidosis, hypernatraemia and impairment of renal function.
Toxicity
The oral acute toxicity of PVOH (LD50) in rats and mice are 20 g/kg and 14.7 g/kg, respectively . Adverse effects include eye pain and changes of vision, and redness or irritation of the eye .
Mild stinging or irritation of the eye, crusting of eyelid, eye pain, ocular hyperaemia, eye pruritus, foreign body sensation, eye discharge, and increased lacrimation may also occur .
ORAL (LD50): Acute: 8000 mg/kg [Rat]. 8100 mg/kg [Mouse]
Precaution
Avoid contact with eyes; should not be used under occlusive dressing. Pregnancy, lactation
Volume of Distribution
This drug does not accumulate in the body when administered orally .
Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and has no volume of distribution.
Elimination Route
Polyvinyl alcohol is poorly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract, and readily eliminated from the body .
Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and is not absorbed.
Half Life
When injected intravenously, polyvinyl alcohol has a half-life of 90 min .
Intraocularly, in eye drop form, the half-life is 7.2 minutes .
Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and is not eliminated.
Clearance
Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and is not eliminated.
Elimination Route
Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and is not eliminated.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy Category D. There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity; prolonged use in patients with thyroid disorders or on lithium therapy. Special caution is needed when regular applications to broken skin are made to patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency. Regular use should be avoided in patients on concurrent lithium therapy.
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