Belladonna

Belladonna Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Belladonna, also known as atropa belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Its roots, leaves and fruits contain Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, and mostly, Atropine. These alkaloids are naturally-occurring muscarinic antagonists. Atropine is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist that is mainly used as an adjunct for anaesthesia. The name "belladonna" originates from the Italian words "beautiful woman" and the historical use of herb eye-drops by women to dilate the pupils of the eyes for aesthetic purposes. Belladonna is a poisonous plant and belladonna intoxication from accidental ingestion may result in a severe anticholinergic syndrome, which is associated with both central and peripheral manifestations .

The active components of belladonna mediate anticholinergic actions. The main effects include inhibition of secretions such as dry mouth, tachycardia, pupillary dilation and paralysis of accommodation, relaxation of smooth muscles in the gut, bronchi, biliary tract and bladder (urinary retention), and inhibition of gastric acid secretion . Atropine is a stimulant of the central nervous system .

Trade Name Belladonna
Availability Prescription only
Generic Belladonna
Belladonna Other Names Atropa belladona, Atropa belladonna, Deadly nightshade
Related Drugs Gocovri, Rytary, Sinemet, Sinemet CR, omeprazole, famotidine, pantoprazole, meclizine, promethazine, diphenhydramine
Weight +
Type Oral liquid
Protein binding

For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.

Groups Approved, Experimental
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country United States
Last Updated: September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am
Belladonna
Belladonna

Uses

No therapeutic indications.

Belladonna is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Acid Reflux, Bloating, Heartburn, Menopausal Symptoms, Poisoning of the Intestine, Poisoning of the Stomach, Belching, Gastrointestinal spasms

How Belladonna works

The active components of belladonna act as competitive antagonists at muscarinic receptors and block the binding of acetylcholine to the central nervous system and parasympathetic postganglionic muscarinic receptors .

Toxicity

Oral LD50 of atropine is 75 mg/kg in mouse. Clinical manifestations of anticholinergic syndrome include both central and peripheral effects. Central symptoms, which are dose-dependent and anticholinergic agent-specific, include ataxia, disorientation, short-term memory loss, confusion, hallucinations, psychosis, agitated delirium, seizures, coma, respiratory failure or cardiovascular collapse . Peripheral effects include mydriasis with cycloplegia, dry mucous membranes, hyperreflexia, flushed skin, diminished bowel sounds or ileus, urinary retention, tachycardia, and hypertension or hypotension . Management of anticholinergic intoxication should be symptomatic including gastrointestinal decontamination with activated charcoal . The antidote for belladonna poisoning is Physostigmine, which is the same as for atropine . Physosigmine crosses the blood-brain barrier and reversibly inhibits anticholinesterase. Benzodiazepines are frequently used for sedation to control anticholinergic effects including delirium and agitation .

Food Interaction

No interactions found.

Belladonna Alcohol interaction

[Moderate] GENERALLY AVOID:

Use of anticholinergic agents with alcohol may result in sufficient impairment of attention so as to render driving and operating machinery more hazardous.

In addition, the potential for abuse may be increased with the combination.

The mechanism of interaction is not established but may involve additive depressant effects on the central nervous system.

No effect of oral propantheline or atropine on blood alcohol levels was observed in healthy volunteers when administered before ingestion of a standard ethanol load.

However, one study found impairment of attention in subjects given atropine 0.5 mg or glycopyrrolate 1 mg in combination with alcohol.

Alcohol should generally be avoided during therapy with anticholinergic agents.

Patients should be counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them.

Belladonna Hypertension interaction

[Minor] Cardiovascular effects of anticholinergics may exacerbate hypertension.

Therapy with anticholinergic agents should be administered cautiously in patients with hypertension.

Volume of Distribution

For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.

Elimination Route

For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.

Half Life

For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.

Clearance

For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.

Elimination Route

For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.

Innovators Monograph

You find simplified version here Belladonna

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