Belladonna Leaf
Belladonna Leaf Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Belladonna Leaf, also known as atropa belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Its roots, leaves and fruits contain Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, and mostly, Atropine. These alkaloids are naturally-occurring muscarinic antagonists. Atropine is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist that is mainly used as an adjunct for anaesthesia. The name "belladonna" originates from the Italian words "beautiful woman" and the historical use of herb eye-drops by women to dilate the pupils of the eyes for aesthetic purposes. Belladonna Leaf is a poisonous plant and belladonna intoxication from accidental ingestion may result in a severe anticholinergic syndrome, which is associated with both central and peripheral manifestations .
The active components of belladonna mediate anticholinergic actions. The main effects include inhibition of secretions such as dry mouth, tachycardia, pupillary dilation and paralysis of accommodation, relaxation of smooth muscles in the gut, bronchi, biliary tract and bladder (urinary retention), and inhibition of gastric acid secretion . Atropine is a stimulant of the central nervous system .
| Trade Name | Belladonna Leaf |
| Availability | Prescription only |
| Generic | Belladonna |
| Belladonna Other Names | Atropa belladona, Atropa belladonna, Deadly nightshade |
| Related Drugs | Gocovri, Rytary, Sinemet, Sinemet CR, omeprazole, famotidine, pantoprazole, meclizine, promethazine, diphenhydramine |
| Weight | + |
| Type | Oral liquid |
| Protein binding | For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine. |
| Groups | Approved, Experimental |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | United States |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
No therapeutic indications.
Belladonna Leaf is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Acid Reflux, Bloating, Heartburn, Menopausal Symptoms, Poisoning of the Intestine, Poisoning of the Stomach, Belching, Gastrointestinal spasms
How Belladonna Leaf works
The active components of belladonna act as competitive antagonists at muscarinic receptors and block the binding of acetylcholine to the central nervous system and parasympathetic postganglionic muscarinic receptors .
Toxicity
Oral LD50 of atropine is 75 mg/kg in mouse. Clinical manifestations of anticholinergic syndrome include both central and peripheral effects. Central symptoms, which are dose-dependent and anticholinergic agent-specific, include ataxia, disorientation, short-term memory loss, confusion, hallucinations, psychosis, agitated delirium, seizures, coma, respiratory failure or cardiovascular collapse . Peripheral effects include mydriasis with cycloplegia, dry mucous membranes, hyperreflexia, flushed skin, diminished bowel sounds or ileus, urinary retention, tachycardia, and hypertension or hypotension . Management of anticholinergic intoxication should be symptomatic including gastrointestinal decontamination with activated charcoal . The antidote for belladonna poisoning is Physostigmine, which is the same as for atropine . Physosigmine crosses the blood-brain barrier and reversibly inhibits anticholinesterase. Benzodiazepines are frequently used for sedation to control anticholinergic effects including delirium and agitation .
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Belladonna Leaf Alcohol interaction
[Moderate] GENERALLY AVOID:
Use of anticholinergic agents with alcohol may result in sufficient impairment of attention so as to render driving and operating machinery more hazardous.
In addition, the potential for abuse may be increased with the combination.
The mechanism of interaction is not established but may involve additive depressant effects on the central nervous system.
No effect of oral propantheline or atropine on blood alcohol levels was observed in healthy volunteers when administered before ingestion of a standard ethanol load.
However, one study found impairment of attention in subjects given atropine 0.5 mg or glycopyrrolate 1 mg in combination with alcohol.
Alcohol should generally be avoided during therapy with anticholinergic agents.
Patients should be counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them.
Belladonna Leaf Hypertension interaction
[Minor] Cardiovascular effects of anticholinergics may exacerbate hypertension.
Therapy with anticholinergic agents should be administered cautiously in patients with hypertension.
Belladonna Leaf Drug Interaction
Moderate: diphenhydramine, diphenhydramine, promethazine, promethazineMinor: acetaminophen, acetaminophenUnknown: duloxetine, duloxetine, clonazepam, clonazepam, escitalopram, escitalopram, pregabalin, pregabalin, esomeprazole, esomeprazole, cholecalciferol, cholecalciferol, ondansetron, ondansetron
Belladonna Leaf Disease Interaction
Major: autonomic neuropathy, GI obstruction, glaucoma, obstructive uropathy, reactive airway diseases, myasthenia gravis, infectious diarrheaModerate: cardiac disease, tachycardia, coronary artery disease, gastric ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux, ulcerative colitis, liver disease, renal failureMinor: hypertension, hyperthyroidism, diarrhea, fever
Volume of Distribution
For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.
Elimination Route
For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.
Half Life
For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.
Clearance
For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.
Elimination Route
For pharmacokinetic information of the active ingredients, refer to Atropine, Hyoscyamine, or Scopolamine.
Innovators Monograph
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