Benzophenone-4
Benzophenone-4 Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Benzophenone-4 is approved by the FDA in concentrations of up to 10% and in Canada, is approved by Health Canada at the same concentrations . It works to filter out both UVA and UVB rays, protecting the skin from sun UV damage .
The UV-filter substance, sulisobenzone (BP-4) is widely used an ingredient in sunscreens and other personal care products , . It falls under the drug category of benzophenones. The benzophenones are a group of aromatic ketones that have both pharmaceutical and industrial applications . Benzophenones may be found organically in fruits such as grapes .
Benzophenones are used as photoinitiators, fragrance enhancers, ultraviolet curing agents, and, occasionally, as flavor ingredients; they are also used in the manufacture of insecticides, agricultural chemicals, and pharmaceuticals and as an additive for plastics, coatings, and adhesives .
| Trade Name | Benzophenone-4 |
| Generic | Sulisobenzone |
| Sulisobenzone Other Names | Benzophenone-4, Sulfisobenzone, Sulisobenzone |
| Type | |
| Formula | C14H12O6S |
| Weight | Average: 308.3 Monoisotopic: 308.03545928 |
| Groups | Experimental |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Benzophenone-4 is an ingredient used in sunscreen to block UVA and UVB radiation.
Sunscreening agents are used to prevent sunburn, actinic keratosis, and premature skin aging and to reduce the incidence of skin cancer .
Benzophenone-4 is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Sunscreen Use
How Benzophenone-4 works
A surface coating of benzophenones decreases the amount of UV radiation absorbed by the skin by limiting the total amount of energy that reaches the skin .
Benzophenone sunscreens, applied topically, protect the skin from these harmful effects of ultraviolet light by chemically absorbing light energy (photons). As this occurs, the benzophenone molecule becomes activated to higher energy levels. As the excited molecule returns to its ground state, the energy is released in the form of thermal energy. The hydroxyl group in the ortho position to the carbonyl group is believed to be a structural requirement for the benzophenones' absorption of UV light. This structural arrangement also contributes to the electronic stability of the molecule. Benzophenones absorb energy throughout the UV range, although the maximum UV absorbance is between 284 and 287 nm for the 2-hydroxybenzophenones .
Toxicity
Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 3530 mg/kg [Rat].
This drug can cause skin and eye irritation .
Drug-induced phototoxicity is a non-immunological inflammatory skin reaction, caused by concurrent topical or systemic exposure to a specific molecule and ultraviolet radiation. Most of the phototoxic compounds absorb energy particularly from UVA light leading to activated derivatives, which can induce cellular damage .
Benzophenones are ultraviolet light filters that have been documented to cause a variety of adverse skin reactions, including contact and photocontact dermatitis, contact and photocontact urticaria, and anaphylaxis. Recently, they have become especially well known for their ability to induce allergy and photoallergy. Topical sunscreens and other cosmetics are the sources of these allergens in the majority of patients, however reports of reactions secondary to use of industrial products also exist. Benzophenones as a group have been named the American Contact Dermatitis Society's Allergen of the Year for 2014 to raise awareness of both allergy and photoallergy to these ubiquitous agents .
The liver is the main target organ of benzophenone toxicity in rats and mice, based on elevations n liver weights, hepatocellular hypertrophy, clinical chemistry changes, and induction of liver microsomal cytochrome P450 2B isomer. The kidney was also identified as a target organ of benzophenone toxicity in rats only, which was based on exposure concentration-related increases in kidney weights and microscopic changes .
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Elimination Route
Does not penetrate the skin to a large degree, but enhances the ability of other chemicals to penetrate .
Elimination Route
This drug's main metabolite is excreted in urine conjugated with glucuronic acid. No p-hydroxybenzohydrol was detected in urine or feces, in a study of pharmacokinetics in rats .
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