Cetamide
Cetamide Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
The sulfonamides are bacteriostatic agents and the spectrum of activity is similar for all. Sulfonamides inhibit bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by preventing the condensation of the pteridine with aminobenzoic acid through competitive inhibition of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. Resistant strains have altered dihydropteroate synthetase with reduced affinity for sulfonamides or produce increased quantities of aminobenzoic acid.
Topically applied sulfonamides are considered active against susceptible strains of the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus (viridans group), Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella species, and Enterobacter species.
Topically applied sulfonamides do not provide adequate coverage against Neisseria species, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A significant percentage of staphylococcal isolates are completely resistant to sulfa drugs.
Cetamide is a sulfonamide antibiotic with bacteriostatic actions and broad-spectrum activity against most gram-positive and many gram-negative organisms. However, many strains of an individual species may be resistant. Sulfonamides inhibit multiplication of bacteria by acting as competitive inhibitors of p-aminobenzoic acid in the folic acid metabolism cycle. Bacterial sensitivity is the same for the various sulfonamides, and resistance to one sulfonamide indicates resistance to all. Most sulfonamides are readily absorbed orally. However, parenteral administration is difficult, since the soluble sulfonamide salts are highly alkaline and irritating to the tissues. The sulfonamides are widely distributed throughout all tissues. High levels are achieved in pleural, peritoneal, synovial, and ocular fluids. Although these drugs are no longer used to treat meningitis, CSF levels are high in meningeal infections. Their antibacterial action is inhibited by pus.
| Trade Name | Cetamide |
| Generic | Sulfacetamide |
| Sulfacetamide Other Names | Acetosulfamine, N-Acetylsulfanilamide, N-Sulfanilylacetamide, N-Sulphanilylacetamide, N'-acetylsulfanilamide, N(1)-Acetylsulfanilamide, p-Aminobenzenesulfonacetamide, p-Aminobenzenesulfonoacetamide, Sulfacetamid, Sulfacetamida, Sulfacétamide, Sulfacetamide, Sulfacetamidum, Sulfanilazetamid, Sulphacetamide, Sulphacetamidum |
| Type | |
| Formula | C8H10N2O3S |
| Weight | Average: 214.242 Monoisotopic: 214.041212886 |
| Groups | Approved |
| Therapeutic Class | Ophthalmic antibacterial drugs |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Cetamide sodium ophthalmic solution is used for the treatment of conjunctivitis and other superficial ocular infections due to susceptible microorganisms, and as an adjunctive in systemic sulfonamide therapy of trachoma: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus (viridans group), Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella species, and Enterobacter species.
Topically applied sulfonamides do not provide adequate coverage against Neisseria species, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A significant percentage of staphylococcal isolates are completely resistant to sulfa drugs.
Cetamide is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Acne Vulgaris, Conjunctivitis, Trachoma, Superficial ocular infections
How Cetamide works
Cetamide is a competitive inhibitor of bacterial para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), an essential component for bacterial growth (according to the Woods-Fildes theory). The inhibited reaction is necessary in these organisms for the synthesis of folic acid.
Dosage
Cetamide dosage
For conjunctivitis and other superficial ocular infections: Instill one or two drops into the conjunctival sac(s) of the affected eye(s) every two to three hours initially. Dosages may be tapered by increasing the time interval between doses as the condition responds. The usual duration of treatment is seven to ten days.
For trachoma: Instill two drops into the conjunctival sac(s) of the affected eye(s) every two hours. Topical administration must be accompanied by systemic administration.
Side Effects
Bacterial and fungal corneal ulcers have developed during treatment with sulfonamide ophthalmic preparations. The most frequently reported reactions are local irritation, stinging and burning. Less commonly reported reactions include non-specific conjunctivitis, conjunctival hyperemia, secondary infections and allergic reactions.
Fatalities have occurred, although rarely, due to severe reactions to sulfonamides including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, fulminant hepatic necrosis, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, and other blood dyscrasias
Toxicity
Oral LD50 Mouse : 16500 mg/kg. Side effects include moderate to severe erythema (redness) and moderate edema (raised kin), nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and tiredness. Higher exposure causes unconsciousness.
Precaution
Prolonged use of topical anti-bacterial agents may give rise to overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms including fungi. Bacterial resistance to sulfonamides may also develop.
The effectiveness of sulfonamides may be reduced by the para-aminobenzoic acid present in purulent exudates.
Sensitization may recur when a sulfonamide is readministered irrespective of the route of administration, and cross-sensitivity between different sulfonamides may occur.
At the first sign of hypersensitivity, increase in purulent discharge, or aggravation of inflammation or pain, the patient should discontinue use of the medication and consult a physician
Interaction
Cetamide preparations are incompatible with silver preparations.
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Half Life
7-12.8 hours
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with sulfonamide ophthalmic preparations. Kernicterus may occur in the newborn as a result of treatment of a pregnant woman at term with orally administered sulfonamides. There are no adequate and well controlled studies of sulfonamide ophthalmic preparations in pregnant women and it is not known whether topically applied sulfonamides can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Cetamide sodium should be used in pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Nursing mothers: Systemically administered sulfonamides are capable of producing kernicterus in infants of lactating women. Because of the potential for the development of kernicterus in neonates, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Contraindication
Cetamide sodium ophthalmic solution is contraindicated in individuals who have a hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or to any ingredient of the preparation.
Special Warning
Pediatric use: Safety and effectiveness in infants below the age of two months have not been established.
Storage Condition
Store below 25° C.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Cetamide
FAQ
What is Cetamide used for?
Cetamide is used to treat eye infections and to prevent them after injuries.Ophthalmic Cetamide stops the growth of bacteria that cause certain eye infections.
How safe is Cetamide?
Cetamide may be harmful if swallowed. If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing.
How does Cetamide work?
Cetamide works by stopping the growth of certain bacteria on the skin that can lead to acne and worsen these other skin conditions.
What are the common side effects of Cetamide?
The common side effects of Cetamide are include:
- skin inflammation.
- erythema or redness of skin or mucous membrane.
- itching.
- a skin rash.
- skin irritation.
How long does Cetamide take to work?
Brand might take up to 12 weeks for you to see effects.
How long should I use Cetamide?
Continue using it for the full time prescribed, usually 7 to 10 days. Stopping the medication too soon may allow the bacteria to continue to grow, which may result in a return of the infection.
Is Cetamide safe during pregnancy?
It is not known whether Cetamide and sulfur topical will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medicine.The manufacturer recommends the use of Cetamide-urea topical for use during pregnancy only if clearly indicated and benefit outweighs risk.
Is Cetamide safe during breastfeeding?
There are no data on the excretion of Cetamide urea topical into human milk. The effects in the nursing infant are unknown. The manufacturer recommends caution be used when administering Cetamide-urea topical to nursing women.
Can I drink alcohol with Cetamide?
No, you should not drink alcohol while taking Cetamide tablets, or else you may experience unpleasant side effects such as fast heartbeats, warmth or redness under your skin, tingly feeling, nausea, and vomiting. Drinking any amount of alcohol can result in such side effect.
Is Cetamide an antibiotic?
Cetamide is an antibiotic that fights bacteria on the skin.
How long does it take for Cetamide to work?
You should use Cetamide exactly as prescribed to you by your healthcare provider. It might take up to 12 weeks for you to see effects. Results may be different for each person depending on the severity and the condition you are treating.
How long should I use Cetamide?
Continue using it for the full time prescribed, usually 7 to 10 days. Stopping the medication too soon may allow the bacteria to continue to grow, which may result in a return of the infection.
How does Cetamide work on acne?
Cetamide works by stopping the growth of certain bacteria on the skin that can lead to acne and worsen these other skin conditions.
Does Cetamide make my skin purge?
Cetamide helps to clear excess sebum and in clearing out skin cells that are dead. This has the potential of breaking dead skin cells and sebum that prevents the skin through pore blockage.
Who should not take Cetamide?
Follow all directions on your medicine label and package. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Use the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happens if I overdose?
An overdose of Cetamide ophthalmic is not expected to be dangerous. Seek emergency medical attention.
Is Cetamide a steroid?
Cetamide is an antibiotic-steroid combination eye medication that works well to treat eye inflammation and bacterial eye infections.
