Cuprum Oxydatum Nigrum
Cuprum Oxydatum Nigrum Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Cuprum Oxydatum Nigrum, or copper (II) oxide, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuO. Cuprum Oxydatum Nigrum is used as a precursor in many copper-containing products such as wood preservatives and ceramics. Cuprum Oxydatum Nigrum may be found in over-the-counter vitamin-mineral supplements as a source of Copper. The mean daily dietary intake of copper in adults ranges between 0.9 and 2.2 mg . Common routes of cupric oxide exposure include ingestion, dermal exposure and inhalation. Copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (NPCuO) have industrial applications as antimicrobial agents in textiles and paints, and catalysts in organic synthesis . They may also be produced from electronic wastes. Cuprum Oxydatum Nigrum poses potential health and environmental concern due to toxic and mutagenic particles generating reactive oxygen species .
For pharmacodynamic information of copper, refer to drug entry for Copper. Copper(II) oxide nanoparticles are known to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cytotoxicity . In a comparative toxicity assay, nanoparticles caused significant mitochondrial depolarization leading to DNA damage . In the human skin organ culture study, topical application of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles induced inflammatory cytokine secretion and necrosis in vitro, indicating that the nanoparticles may adhere to the skin surface and react with the local acidic environment .
Trade Name | Cuprum Oxydatum Nigrum |
Generic | Cupric oxide |
Cupric oxide Other Names | Cuprous Oxide, Cuprum oxydatum nigrum |
Type | |
Formula | CuO |
Weight | Average: 79.545 Monoisotopic: 78.924513 |
Protein binding | Once dissociated, copper is known to bind to serum albumin, ceruloplasmin, and other low-molecular weight complexes . |
Groups | Approved |
Therapeutic Class | |
Manufacturer | |
Available Country | |
Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Cuprum Oxydatum Nigrum is an ingredient found in a variety of supplements and vitamins.
No FDA- or EMA-approved therapeutic indications.
How Cuprum Oxydatum Nigrum works
For pharmacodynamic information of copper, refer to drug entry for Copper. Copper(II) oxide nanoparticles generate DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species at the nanoparticle surface or in solution by copper dissolved from the nanoparticle surface via Fenton-like reactions . In presence of H2O2, ascorbate, or both, copper (II) oxide generates hydroxyl radical, ascorbyl radical, and superoxide anion that interact with DNA, proteins, and lipids cause oxidative damage and cell death .
Toxicity
Copper toxicity involves gastrointestinal irritation and liver and kidney toxicity. Reported No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Levels (NOAELs) of copper are in the range of 23-104 mg/kg bw/day, but kidney effects have been shown in male rats at levels as low as 10 mg/kg bw/day . Severe intoxication is associated with serum copper levels greater than 500 mcg/dL. The estimated lethal dose in an untreated adult is 10 to 20 g copper .
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Volume of Distribution
Following exposure to cupric oxide aerosols containing 50-80 mg/m^3 in rats, particles were found in plasma 6 hours post-exposure and copper oxide was also observed in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney .
Elimination Route
Following oral administration, copper is mainly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract from the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum. All other intakes of copper (inhalation and dermal) are insignificant in comparison to the oral route. The bioavailability of copper from cupric oxide depends on the solubilization of the oxide in the gastrointestinal tract . According to studies on cattle and swine, copper oxide displays low absorption rate and high excretion rate . In rats exposed to aerosols containing 50-80 mg/m^3, pulmonary uptake of copper oxide occurred .
Half Life
No pharmacokinetic data available.
Clearance
No pharmacokinetic data available.
Elimination Route
Copper undergoes biliary excretion .
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