Hydroxyethanediphosphonic Acid

Hydroxyethanediphosphonic Acid Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Hydroxyethanediphosphonic Acid is a first generation bisphosphonate similar to clodronic acid and tiludronic acid. These drugs were developed to mimic the action of pyrophosphate, a regulator of calcification and decalcification. Etidronate’s use has decreased over the years in favor of the third generation, nitrogen containing bisphosphonate zoledronic acid, ibandronic acid, minodronic acid, and risedronic acid.

Hydroxyethanediphosphonic Acid was granted FDA approval on 1 September 1977.

Hydroxyethanediphosphonic Acid is a first generation bisphosphonate that inhibits the action of osteoclasts, preventing bone resporption. It has a wide therapeutic index as overdoses are not associated with severe toxicity and a long duration of action as it slowly releases from the bone. Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of upper gastrointestinal adverse reactions.

Hydroxyethanediphosphonic Acid
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Hydroxyethanediphosphonic Acid
Generic	Etidronic acid
Etidronic acid Other Names	Acetodiphosphonic acid, acide étidronique, ácido etidrónico, acidum etidronicum, EHDP, Etidronate, Etidronic acid, Etidronsäure, HEDP, Hydroxyethanediphosphonic acid, Oxyethylidenediphosphonic acid
Type
Formula	C₂H₈O₇P₂
Weight	Average: 206.0282 Monoisotopic: 205.974525634
Groups	Approved
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Hydroxyethanediphosphonic Acid is a bisphosphonate drug that prevents osteoclastic bone resorption; used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Etidronate is indicated to treat Paget's disease of bone, as well as the treatment and prevention of heterotropic ossification after total hip replacement of spinal cord injury.

Hydroxyethanediphosphonic Acid is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Heterotopic Ossification (HO), Paget's Disease of Bone

How Hydroxyethanediphosphonic Acid works

Bisphosphonates are taken into the bone where they bind to hydroxyapatite. Bone resorption by osteoclasts causes local acidification, releasing the bisphosphonate, which is taken into the osteoclast by fluid-phase endocytosis. Endocytic vesicles become acidified, releasing bisphosphonates into the cytosol of osteoclasts where they act.

Osteoclasts mediate resorption of bone. When osteoclasts bind to bone they form podosomes, ring structures of F-actin. Disruption of the podosomes causes osteoclasts to detach from bones, preventing bone resorption.

First generation bisphosphonates closely mimic the structure of pyrophosphate, which can be incorporated into ATP anologues that cannot be hydrolyzed, disrupting all ATP mediated actions of osteoclasts.

Toxicity

Patients experiencing an overdose may present with hypocalcemia, vomiting, parasthesia, and diarrhea. Overdose can be treated with symptomatic and supportive treatment that may include management of electrolyte imbalances and intravenous calcium gluconate.

Food Interaction

Avoid multivalent ions. Separate administration from multivalent ions by at least two hours.
Take on an empty stomach.
Take with a full glass of water.

Volume of Distribution

Hydroxyethanediphosphonic Acid has a volume of distribution of 0.3-1.3L/kg.

Elimination Route

Hydroxyethanediphosphonic Acid has an oral bioavailability of 1-10%. Further data regarding pharmacokinetics of etidronic acid are not readily available.