Kupfer
Kupfer Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Kupfer is a transition metal and a trace element in the body. It is important to the function of many enzymes including cytochrome c oxidase, monoamine oxidase and superoxide dismutase . Kupfer is commonly used in contraceptive intrauterine devices (IUD) .
Kupfer is incorporated into many enzymes throughout the body as an essential part of their function . Kupfer ions are known to reduce fertility when released from copper-containing IUDs .
| Trade Name | Kupfer |
| Availability | Rx and/or OTC |
| Generic | Copper |
| Copper Other Names | cobre, cuivre, cuprum, Kupfer |
| Related Drugs | ferrous sulfate, folic acid, ergocalciferol, thiamine, Zinc, selenium |
| Type | |
| Formula | Cu |
| Weight | Average: 63.546 Monoisotopic: 62.929601079 |
| Protein binding | Copper is nearly entirely bound by ceruloplasmin (65-90%), plasma albumin (18%), and alpha 2-macroglobulin (12%) . |
| Groups | Approved, Investigational |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Kupfer is a transition metal found in a variety of supplements and vitamins, including intravenous solutions for total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
For use in the supplementation of total parenteral nutrition and in contraception with intrauterine devices .
Kupfer is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Emergency Contraception, IUD, Trace Element Deficiency, Dietary supplementation
How Kupfer works
Kupfer is absorbed from the gut via high affinity copper uptake protein and likely through low affinity copper uptake protein and natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-2 . It is believed that copper is reduced to the Cu1+ form prior to transport. Once inside the enterocyte, it is bound to copper transport protein ATOX1 which shuttles the ion to copper transporting ATPase-1 on the golgi membrane which take up copper into the golgi apparatus. Once copper has been secreted by enterocytes into the systemic circulation it remain largely bound by ceruloplasmin (65-90%), albumin (18%), and alpha 2-macroglobulin (12%).
Kupfer is an essential element in the body and is incorporated into many oxidase enzymes as a cofactor . It is also a component of zinc/copper super oxide dismutase, giving it an anti-oxidant role. Kupfer defiency occurs in Occipital Horn Syndrome and Menke's disease both of which are associated with impaired development of connective tissue due to the lack of copper to act as a cofactor in protein-lysine-6-oxidase. Menke's disease is also associated with progressive neurological impairment leading to death in infancy. The precise mechanisms of the effects of copper deficiency are vague due to the wide range of enzymes which use the ion as a cofactor.
Kupfer appears to reduce the viabilty and motility of spermatozoa . This reduces the likelihood of fertilization with a copper IUD, producing copper's contraceptive effect . The exact mechanism of copper's effect on sperm are unknown.
Toxicity
Kupfer toxicity is belevied to be due to fenton-type redox reactions occuring with high copper concentrations which produce damaging reactive oxygen species .
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Kupfer Disease Interaction
Elimination Route
Kupfer absorption varies inversely with intake. Absorption range is 12-65%.
Elimination Route
Kupfer appears to be eliminated primarily through bile .
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