Kynapid
Kynapid Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Kynapid was developed by Cardiome Pharma as as an antiarrhythmic drug intended for rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. It acts as an atypical class III antiarrhythmic drug that potentiates its effect in higher heart rates. Intravenous formulation was approved in Europe in September 2010 as Brinavess and in Canada in April 2017. It is an investigational drug under regulatory review by FDA.
Kynapid blocks currents in all phases of atrial action potential including atria-specific potassium currents (the ultra-rapid delayed rectifier and the acetylcholine dependent potassium currents) and prolongs the refractory period. It dose-dependently prolongs atrial refractoriness, prolongs AV nodal conduction and refractoriness, and slightly prolongs QRS duration without significantly affecting ventricular refractory period. Kynapid has a high affinity to ion channels specifically involved in repolarization of atrial tissue and is thought to have a low proarrhythmic potential.
| Trade Name | Kynapid |
| Generic | Vernakalant |
| Vernakalant Other Names | Vernakalant |
| Type | |
| Formula | C20H31NO4 |
| Weight | Average: 349.471 Monoisotopic: 349.225308482 |
| Protein binding | Displays low protein binding and the free fraction of vernakalant in human serum is 53-63% at concentration range of 1-5 μg/ml. |
| Groups | Approved, Investigational |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Kynapid is an antiarrhythmic medication used to treat patients with atrial fibrillation.
Indicated for the rapid conversion of recent onset of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm in adults for non-surgery patients that lasts for less than 7 days of duration and post-cardiac surgery patients with atrial fibrillation lasting less than 3 days of duration.
Kynapid is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Atrial Fibrillation
How Kynapid works
Kynapid blocks atrial voltage-gated sodium channels in a dose and frequency-dependent manner and inhibits late sodium current (INa)which confers its effect on intra-atrial conduction. This current blockade enhance and onset of drug action accelerates in higher heart rate as the affinity of vernakalant for INa also increases. Its binding offset is quick once the heart rate slows [A19198]. It also blocks Kv 1.5 channel and its early activating potassium channels (IKur) and inhibits acetylcholine-activated potassium channels (IKAch), which are specific to the atrium and cause prolongation of atrial refractoriness. Kynapid also blocks Kv4.3 channel and its cardiac transient outward potassium current (Ito), which is involved more with atrial than ventricular refractoriness [A19203]. Kynapid minimally blocks hERG channels and its rapidly activating/delayed rectifying potassium current (IKr) which accounts for mild QT prolongation. QRS widening due to INa blockade also contributes to QT prolongation .
Toxicity
Some common unwanted effects include hypotension, ventricular arrhythmias, bradycardia, atrial flutter, dysgeusia, paraesthesia, dizziness and nausea.
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Volume of Distribution
Approximately 2L/kg.
Elimination Route
In patients, average peak plasma concentrations of vernakalant were 3.9 μg/ml following a single 10 minute infusion of 3 mg/kg vernakalant hydrochloride, and 4.3 μg/ml following a second infusion of 2 mg/kg with a 15 minute interval between doses .
Half Life
Elimination half life in CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers is 3 hours and 5.5 hours in poor metabolizers.
Clearance
The typical total body clearance of vernakalant was estimated to be 0.41 l/hr/kg.
Elimination Route
Mainly eliminated via renal excretion.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Kynapid
