Synthetic Human Secretin

Synthetic Human Secretin Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Human secretin is a gastrointestinal peptide hormone that regulates secretions in the stomach, pancreas, and liver. The hormone is produced from the enterochromaffin cells in the duodenum in response to the duodenal content with the pH less than 4.5 . The main action of secretin is to stimulate the pancreas to secrete pancreatic juice for pH regulation in the small intestines. Secretin is also responsible in body fluid homeostasis and bile production. Although it is a gastrointestinal hormone, secretin is also considered as a neuropeptide hormone since it is also expressed in the central nervous system .

Purified synthetic human secretin, also referred to as RG1068, is available as an intravenous injection under the market name ChiRhoStim ® in the U.S.. It contains an amino acid sequence identical to the naturally occurring hormone consisting of 27 amino acids that supports α-helical formation . The carboxyl-terminal amino acid, valine, is amidated. Synthetic human secretin displays equivalent biological activity and properties as naturally-occurring secretin . It is indicated for the stimulation of the pancreatic and gastric secretions to aid in the diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine dysfunction and the diagnosis of gastrinoma, and facilitate the identification of the ampulla of Vater and accessory papilla during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

In clinical trials, intravenous administration of synthetic human secretin stimulated the exocrine pancreas to promote juice and bicarbonate secretion, with variable responses depending on the pancreatic function of the individual . Having an identical amino acid sequence to the biologically-derived secretin, synthetic human secretin exhibits an equivalent biological activity as the natural hormone. The biological activity of synthetic human secretin was approximately 5.0 CU per mcg . In patients with suspected or known exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, a volume response of less than 2 mL/kg/hr, peak bicarbonate concentration of less than 80 mEq/L, and a bicarbonate output of less than 0.2 mEq/kg/hr following intravenous synthetic human secretin . Administration in healthy subjects in three crossover studies led to overall pancreatic secretory response of a mean peak bicarbonate concentration of 100 mEq/L, a mean total volume over one hour of 260.7 mL, and a peak bicarbonate concentrations ≥ 80 mEq/L .

Synthetic Human Secretin
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Synthetic Human Secretin
Generic	Secretin human
Secretin human Other Names	Human secretin, Secretin, Secretin (human), Secretin human, Secretin synthetic human, Synthetic human secretin
Type
Formula	C₁₃₀H₂₂₀N₄₄O₃₉
Weight	3039.44 Da
Groups	Approved
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Synthetic Human Secretin is a secretin hormone used to stimulate pancreatic or gastric secretions to diagnose exocrine pancreas dysfunction, gastrinoma, and abnormalities in the bile and pancreatic ducts.

Indicated for the stimulation of:

pancreatic secretions, including bicarbonate, to aid in the diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine dysfunction .
gastrin secretion to aid in the diagnosis of gastrinoma .
pancreatic secretions to facilitate the identification of the ampulla of Vater and accessory papilla during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) .

Synthetic Human Secretin is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Gastrinoma, Pancreatic exocrine dysfunction

How Synthetic Human Secretin works

Synthetic human secretin mediates the same biological effects as the naturally-occurring gastrointestinal peptide hormone. Secretin is normally released from enterochromaffin cells and S cells in the intestinal mucosa of duodenum upon exposure of proximal intestinal lumen to the acidic gastric content, or fatty acids and amino acids . Secretin mediates an inhibitory effect on acid secretion by parietal cells of the stomach, and causes alkalinazation of the duodenal content by stimulating the release of pancreatic juice, which has high amounts of water and bicarbonate ions . Bicarbonate ions are released into the duodenum from the centroacinar cells, and epithelia lining the pancreatic and biliary ducts . Human secretin is a ligand at G-protein coupled secretin receptors which are expressed in the basolateral domain of several tissue cell types , including pancreas, stomach, liver, colon and other tissues . Upon interaction, levels of cAMP increase and initiates the cAMP-mediated signalling cascade that results in phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA) and activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) . Activation of CFTR activates Cl-/HCO3- anion exchanger 2 and leads to secretion of bicarbonate-rich-pancreatic fluid . Via the same cAMP signalling pathway, secretin promotes the secretion of water and electrolytes in cholangiocytes . Secretin may work through vagal-vagal neural pathways since stimulation of the efferent vagus nerve stimulates bicarbonate secretion and atropine blocks secretin-stimulated pancreatic secretion . Additionally, secretin acts as a diuretic to increase urinary volume and bicarbonate excretion .

Toxicity

In acute toxicity studies with mice and rabbits, a dose of 20 μg/kg of synthetic human secretin was not lethal with no clinical symptoms of toxicity. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) in rats was 10 μg/kg/day in a 14-day intravenous toxicity study without any evidence of adverse toxicity. The NOEL was 5 μg/kg/day in dogs .

Studies assessing the carcinogenic potential, mutagenicity, or potential for impairment of fertility have not been conducted with synthetic human secretin .

Food Interaction

No interactions found.

Volume of Distribution

The volume of distribution is 2.7 L .

Elimination Route

Following intravenous bolus administration of 0.4 mcg/kg, synthetic human secretin concentration rapidly declines to baseline secretin levels within 90 to 120 minutes .