Tiamina
Tiamina Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Tiamina, in the form of thiamine pyrophosphate, is the coenzyme for decarboxylation of α-ketoglutaric acid. Tiamina deficiency affects the peripheral nervous system, the gastrointestinal tract, and the cardiovascular system. This vitamin is necessary for the optimal growth of infants and children. Tiamina is not stored in the body, and is regularly lost from tissues during short periods of deficiency. In order to maintain normal health, an adequate amount of thiamine is required every day. Deficiency of thiamine leads to fatigue, anorexia, gastrointestinal disturbance, tachycardia, irritability and neurological symptoms. Beriberi, a disease due to vitamin B1 deficiency, is common in alcoholics, in pregnant women receiving an inadequate diet, and in people with malabsorption syndrome, prolonged diarrhoea and hepatic disease.
Tiamina is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and widely distributed throughout the body. Tiamina is rapidly absorbed from the upper small intestine. Tiamina is not stored in the body to any appreciable extent. Excess ingested thiamine appears in urine as intact thiamine or as pyrimidine, which arises from degradation of the thiamine molecule. The plasma half life of thiamine is 24 hours.
Tiamina is a vitamin with antioxidant, erythropoietic, cognition-and mood-modulatory, antiatherosclerotic, putative ergogenic, and detoxification activities. Tiamina has been found to protect against lead-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and kidney. Tiamina deficiency results in selective neuronal death in animal models. The neuronal death is associated with increased free radical production, suggesting that oxidative stress may play an important early role in brain damage associated with thiamine deficiency. Tiamina plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation may also promote atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells in culture have been found to have a decreased proliferative rate and delayed migration in response to hyperglycemic conditions. Tiamina has been shown to inhibit this effect of glucose on endothelial cells.
| Trade Name | Tiamina |
| Availability | Rx and/or OTC |
| Generic | Thiamine |
| Thiamine Other Names | Aneurin, Antiberiberi factor, Thiamin, Thiamine, thiamine(1+), thiamine(1+) ion, thiaminium, Thiaminum, Tiamina, Vitamin B1 |
| Related Drugs | ferrous sulfate, folic acid, ergocalciferol, Zinc, selenium, Vitamin B1 |
| Type | |
| Formula | C12H17N4OS |
| Weight | Average: 265.355 Monoisotopic: 265.112306876 |
| Protein binding | 90-94% |
| Groups | Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical, Vet approved |
| Therapeutic Class | Vitamin-B preparations |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Tiamina is specifically used in the treatment of the various manifestations of thiamine deficiency such as Beriberi and Wernick's encephalopathy, neuritis associated with pregnancy and pellagra. Supplementary Tiamina may be used prophylactically in conditions where there is low dietary intake or impaired gastro intestinal absorption of thiamine (e.g. alcohol) or where requirements are increased (pregnancy, carbohydrate rich diet).
Tiamina is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Anemia, B12 Deficiency Anemia, Beriberi, Cardiovascular Heart Disease caused by Thiamine Deficiency, Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia, Infantile Beriberi, Infection, Iron Deficiency (ID), Liver disorder, Neuritis caused by Pregnancy, Secondary anemia, Thiamine Deficiency, Vitamin Deficiency, Wernicke's encephalopathy, Nutritional supplementation, Vitamin supplementation, Dietary supplementation
How Tiamina works
It is thought that the mechanism of action of thiamine on endothelial cells is related to a reduction in intracellular protein glycation by redirecting the glycolytic flux. Tiamina is mainly the transport form of the vitamin, while the active forms are phosphorylated thiamine derivatives. Natural derivatives of thiamine phosphate, such as thiamine monophosphate (ThMP), thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), also sometimes called thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), thiamine triphosphate (ThTP), and thiamine triphosphate (AThTP), that act as coenzymes in addition to their each unique biological functions.
Dosage
Tiamina dosage
Prophylaxis: 3 to 10 mg daily.
Mild chronic deficiency: 10 to 25 mg daily.
Severe deficiency: 200 to 300 mg daily.
Side Effects
Vitamin B1 does not have adverse effects when given orally, but in a few fatal cases anaphylactic reactions have occurred after intravenous administration of large doses (400 mg) in sensitive patients, especially children, and in one case following an intramuscular dose of 125 mg. The risk of such reactions increases with repeated administration of the drug by parenteral route. Transient mild soreness may occur at the site of intramuscular administration
Toxicity
Tiamina toxicity is uncommon; as excesses are readily excreted, although long-term supplementation of amounts larger than 3 gram have been known to cause toxicity. Oral mouse LD50 = 8224 mg/kg, oral rat LD50 = 3710 mg/kg.
Interaction
No hazardous drug interactions have been reported. Vitamin B1 acts synergistically with other vitamins of the B-complex group and its potential for causing adverse effects is considerably reduced.
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Tiamina Disease Interaction
Elimination Route
Absorbed mainly from duodenum, by both active and passive processes
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
The drug may be given safely to neonates, children, pregnant and lactating women and elderly patients.
Contraindication
There is no absolute contraindication but the risk of anaphylaxis is increased by repeated parenteral administration. Mild allergic phenomena, such as sneezing or mild asthma are warning signs that further may give rise to anaphylactic shock. To avoid this possibility it is advisable to start a second course of injection with a dose considerably lower than that previously used. Because of the above, vitamin B1 injection should not be given intravenously except in the case of comatose patients. Once thiamine deficiency is corrected there is no need for parenteral administration or for the administration of amounts in excess of daily requirement.
Storage Condition
Tiamina injection should be protected from light and moisture.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Tiamina
FAQ
What is Tiamina used for?
Tiamina is used to treat beriberi tingling and numbness in feet and hands, muscle loss, and poor reflexes caused by a lack of Tiamina in the diet and to treat and prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome tingling and numbness in hands and feet, memory loss, confusion caused by a lack of Tiamina in the diet.
How safe is Tiamina?
Tiamina is generally safe. Very high doses may cause stomach upset.
What are the common side effects of Tiamina?
Side effects of Tiamina are include:
- warmth
- severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)
- skin discoloration
- sweating
- restlessness
- rapid swelling of the skin
- itching
- hives
- fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema)
- weakness
- tightness of the throat
- nausea
Who should not take Tiamina?
You should not use Tiamina if you have ever had an allergic reaction to it.
Can I take Tiamina daily?
The recommended daily amount of Tiamina for adult men is 1.2 milligrams and for adult women is 1.1 milligrams.
How long should I take Tiamina for?
Tiamina use daily for one month. A complete and balanced diet should follow.
What happens if I stop taking Tiamina?
if you stop taking Tiamina it can lead to serious health conditions including beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
Is Tiamina safe during pregnancy?
Tiamina is generally safe to take during pregnancy.Tiamina is only recommended for use during pregnancy when benefit outweighs risk.
Is Tiamina good for pregnancy?
Tiamina is essential during pregnancy because it supports your baby's brain development and enables you and your baby to convert carbohydrates into energy.
Is Tiamina safe during breastfeeding?
Tiamina is usually safe to take while you're breastfeeding. It passes into your breast milk, but it's not harmful to your baby.
When should I take Tiamina?
Tiamina tablets are usually taken once a day. Doses of 25-100 mg are sufficient to prevent mild deficiency. You can take the tablets at whatever time of day you find easiest to remember, either before or after meals.
What happens if I get too much of Tiamina?
If I get too much of Tiamina it can cause hypertension or high blood pressure.
Does Tiamina increase heart rate?
Yes,Tiamina may increased heart rate.
Is Tiamina good for anxiety?
Tiamina intake to an improvement in anxiety levels for those with generalized anxiety disorder.
Can I drink alcohol with Tiamina?
It's best to avoid alcohol if you are taking Tiamina for a vitamin B1 deficiency.
Does Tiamina help hangovers?
Tiamina can play a major role in the functioning of brain and nervous system and aid your body in getting over the hangover easily.
When should I stop taking Tiamina?
If the patient has been abstinent for 6 weeks or more and has regained adequate nutritional status then should you stop taking Tiamina.
What does Tiamina do in the brain?
Tiamina is an essential cofactor for several enzymes involved in brain cell metabolism that are required for the production of precursors for several important cell components as well as for the generation of the energy–supplying molecule ATP.
Can I drive after taking Tiamina?
This medicine is not known to affect the ability to drive or use machines.If you feel you may be affected, do not drive or use machines and speak to your doctor.
Can Tiamina cause headaches?
Low Tiamina intake leads to increased risk of the Wernicke-Korsakoff and frequent headaches.
