Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml, a synthetic antiprotozoal agent. Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml is well absorbed from GIT. It interferes with the Pyruvate Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme dependent electron transfer reaction which is essential to anaerobic glucose energy metabolism. This results in cell swelling, membrane damage resulting in dysfunction of the parasite.
The general effect of this medication is the prevention of microbe activity through disruption of important energy pathways for survival and proliferation . Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml exhibits antiprotozoal activity by interfering with the pyruvate ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductase dependent electron transfer reaction, an essential reaction need for anaerobic energy metabolism of various microorganisms. Sporozoites of Cryptosporidium parvum and trophozoites of Giardia lamblia are therefore inhibited, relieving symptoms of diahrrea . Interference with the PFOR enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction may only be one of the many pathways by which nitazoxanide exhibits antiprotozoal activity .
| Trade Name | Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml |
| Availability | Prescription only |
| Generic | Nitazoxanide |
| Nitazoxanide Other Names | Nitaxozanid, Nitaxozanide, Nitazoxanida, Nitazoxanide, Nitazoxanidum |
| Related Drugs | doxycycline, metronidazole, Flagyl, albendazole, mebendazole, Vibramycin, tinidazole, chloroquine, praziquantel, paromomycin |
| Weight | 100 mg/5 ml |
| Type | Powder for Suspension |
| Formula | C12H9N3O5S |
| Weight | Average: 307.282 Monoisotopic: 307.026291103 |
| Protein binding | Very High (greater than 99%), bound to proteins in the plasma . |
| Groups | Approved, Investigational, Vet approved |
| Therapeutic Class | Anti-diarrhoeal Antiprotozoal |
| Manufacturer | Eskayef Pharmaceuticals Ltd. |
| Available Country | Bangladesh |
| Last Updated: | October 19, 2023 at 6:27 am |
Uses
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml is used for diarrhoea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia, Amebiasis and helminth infections.
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Ascariasis, Cestode infections, Clostridium difficile infection recurrence, Cryptosporidiosis infection, Diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum, Diarrhea caused by Giardia lamblia, Giardiasis, Trichuriasis
How Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml works
The most widely accepted mechanism of NTZ is believed to be the disruption of the energy metabolism in anaerobic microbes by inhibition of the pyruvate: ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) cycle . In parasitic-protozoa, Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml also induces lesions in the cell membranes and depolarizes the mitochondrial membrane while inhibiting quinone oxidoreductase NQO1, nitroreductase-1 and protein disulphide isomerase enzymes. In addition, this drug also inhibits the glutathione-S-transferase (a major detoxifying enzyme) and modulates the Avr-14 gene, encoding for the alpha-type subunit of glutamate-gated chloride ion channel present in nematodes. Aside from its well understood non-competitive inhibition of the PFOR in anaerobic bacteria, NTZ also demonstrates various other antibacterial mechanisms. It inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase in E Coli, disrupts the membrane potential and pH homeostasis in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, suppresses the chaperone/usher (CU) pathway of the gram-negative bacteria, and stimulates host macrophage autophagy in tuberculosis patients . NTZ also suppresses viral replication by inhibiting the maturation of the viral hemagglutinin and the viral transcription factor immediate early 2 (IE2) as well as by activating the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (an antiviral intracellular protein). Lastly, NTZ exhibits an inhibitory effect on tumor cell progression by altering drug detoxification (glutathione-S-transferase P1), unfolded protein response, autophagy, anti-cytokines activity, and c-Myc inhibition .
Dosage
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml dosage
Age 1-3 years: 5 ml (100 mg) twice daily for 3 days
Age 4-11 years: 10 ml (200 mg) twice daily for 3 days
Age >12 years: 25 ml or 1 tablet (500 mg) twice daily for 3 days
The suspension or tablet should be taken with food.
30 ml suspension: Shake the bottle well before adding water. Then add 20 ml of boiled and cooled water (with the help of provided cup) into the bottle and shake well to make 30 ml suspension.
60 ml suspension: Shake the bottle well before adding water. Then add 40 ml of boiled and cooled water (with the help of provided cup) into the bottle and shake well to make 60 ml suspension.
Side Effects
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml is generally well tolerated. However abdominal pain, diarrhoea vomiting and headache have been reported rarely
Toxicity
Data on nitazoxanide overdosage is not available . In studies in rodents and dogs, the oral LD50 was higher than 10,000 mg/kg. One-time oral doses of up to 4000 mg nitazoxanide have been given to healthy adult volunteers without severe adverse effects. Gastric lavage may be appropriate soon after oral administration if overdose occurs. Supportive and symptomatic treatment should also be administered .
According to previous studies , less than 1% of the patients age 12 years and older participating in clinical trials with NTZ suffered from the following adverse effects: Systemic: asthenia, fever, pain, allergic reaction, pelvic pain, back pain, chills, fever, flu-like syndrome. Central Nervous System: dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, tremor, hypesthesia. Gastrointestinal System: vomiting, dyspepsia, anorexia, flatulence, constipation, dry mouth, thirst. Urogenital System: discolored urine, dysuria, amenorrhea, metrorrhagia, kidney pain, edema labia. Metabolic & Nutrition: increased SGPT. Hemic & Lymphatic Systems: anemia, leukocytosis. Skin: rash, pruritus. Special Senses: eye discoloration, ear ache. Respiratory System: epistaxis, lung disease, pharyngitis. Cardiovascular System: tachycardia, syncope, hypertension. Muscular System: myalgia, leg cramps, spontaneous bone fracture.
Precaution
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml should be administrated with caution to patients with hepatic, renal and biliary disease.
Interaction
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml is highly bound to plasma protein (>99.9%). Therefore, caution should be used when administering Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml concurrently with other highly plasma-protein bound drugs.
Food Interaction
- Take with food. Food improves oral bioavailability.
[Moderate] ADJUST DOSING INTERVAL: Food enhances the bioavailability of the pharmacologically active metabolite tizoxanide (desacetyl-nitazoxamide) from nitazoxanide administration.
According to the product labeling, administration of nitazoxanide tablets with food increases the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of tizoxanide and tizoxanide glucuronide in plasma by almost 2-fold and the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) by almost 50%.
Administration of nitazoxanide oral suspension with food increases the AUC of tizoxanide and tizoxandie glucuronide by about 45% to 50% and the Cmax by less than 10%.
MANAGEMENT: Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml tablets and oral suspension were administered with food in clinical trials and are recommended to be administered with food to ensure maximal drug levels in plasma.
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml Drug Interaction
Moderate: valproic acidUnknown: amphetamine / dextroamphetamine, amoxicillin / clavulanate, sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim, mupirocin topical, celecoxib, ciprofloxacin, loratadine, sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim, ubiquinone, duloxetine, meperidine, clonazepam, escitalopram, acetaminophen, bioflavonoids, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, zinc sulfate
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml Disease Interaction
Elimination Route
The relative bioavailability of the suspension compared to the tablet was 70%. When administered with food the AUC and Cmax increased by two-fold and 50%, respectively, for the tablet and 45 to 50% and ≤ 10%, respectively, for the oral suspension .
Half Life
7.3h
Clearance
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml is cleared in the urine and feces. The metabolite, tizoxanide, is also found in the urine, plasma, and breastmilk . The drug is not found unchanged in the urine .
Elimination Route
Tizoxanide is excreted in the urine, bile and feces, and tizoxanide glucuronide is excreted in urine and bile. Approximately 2/3 of the oral dose of nitazoxanide is excreted in the faeces and 1/3 in the urine .
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy category B. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Nursing mother: It is not known whether Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml is administrated to a nursing woman.
Contraindication
Known hypersensitivity to Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml or any other ingredient in the formulations
Special Warning
Paediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness of Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml for Oral Suspension in paediatric patients less than one year of age have not been studied.
Impaired renal or hepatic function: The pharmacokinetics of Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml in patients with impaired renal or hepatic function have not been studied. Therefore, Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml must be administered with caution to patients with hepatic and biliary disease, to patients with renal disease and to patients with combined renal and hepatic disease.
Acute Overdose
Information on Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml overdosage is not available. Single oral doses of up to 4000 mg Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml have been administered to healthy adult volunteers without significant adverse effects.
Storage Condition
Store in a cool and dry place, away from light and moisture. Once reconstituted suspension should be used within 7 days.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml contains Nitazoxanide see full prescribing information from innovator Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml Monograph, Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml MSDS, Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml FDA label
FAQ
What is Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml used for?
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic and broad-spectrum antiviral medication that is used in medicine for the treatment of various helminthic, protozoal, and viral infection. Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml is used to treat diarrhea caused by Giardia or Cryptosporidium. These conditions are sometimes called "Traveler's diarrhea."
How safe is Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml?
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml demonstrates a good safety profile at approved doses. However, further evidence is required regarding hepatorenal and cardiovascular effects, as well as teratogenicity.
How does Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml work?
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml works by interfering with the conversion of chemicals to energy in protozoal cells.
What are the common side effects of Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml?
Common side effects of Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml are include:
- abdominal pain,
- nausea,
- diarrhea,
- vomiting, or.
- headache.
Is Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml safe during pregnancy?
This Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit outweighs the risk. No data available on use of this drug in pregnant women to inform a drug-related risk.
Is Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml safe during breastfeeding?
The effects in the nursing infant are unknown; potential side effects in the breastfed child due to this drug or the mother's underlying condition should be considered. Until more data are available, an alternative agent may be preferred, particularly while breastfeeding newborn or preterm infants; caution is recommended.
Can I drink alcohol with Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml?
No interactions were found between Alcohol (contained in alcoholic beverages) and Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml. This does not necessarily mean no interactions exist. Always consult your healthcare provider.
How long does Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml take to work ?
It may take up to 5 days for diarrhea to resolve in approximately 80% of patients 4.
How long does Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml stay in my system?
Elimination half-life of Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml 3.5 hours.
Can I take Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml in empty stomach?
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml should be taken just after eating food. Do not take it on an empty stomach. This will make it easier for your body to absorb the medication.
When should be taken of Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml?
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml is usually taken with food every 12 hours for 3 days. Take Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml at around the same times every day.
Can I take Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml for a long time?
Do not take more of this Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml and do not take it more often than your doctor ordered. This Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml works best if there is a constant amount in the blood.
How much Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml can I take daily?
Adults and children 12 years or older 25 milliliters (mL) every 12 hours, taken with food, for 3 days. Children 4 to 11 years of age 10 mL every 12 hours, taken with food, for 3 days.
How long should I take Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml?
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml is usually taken once every 12 hours for 3 days.
Who should not take Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml?
You should not use Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml if you are allergic to it. To make sure Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have: liver or kidney disease; HIV or AIDS; or a weak immune system.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happens if I take too much medication?
The more medications you are taking, the higher the risk of those drugs interacting dangerously with each other. Multiple medications can cause confusion, lightheadedness and even internal bleeding — all dangerous and injurious conditions.
Can Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml affects my liver?
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml has some adverse effects on liver and kidney of rats. Therefore, Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml should be used with caution by people with liver.
Can Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml affect my kidneys?
Toza Powder for Suspension 100 mg/5 ml should be used with caution by people with kidney problems.
